单一正犯体系的反思性检讨  

Reflective Review of the System of Not Distinguishing a Second P articipant from a Perpetrator

作　　者：周啸天[1] ZHOU Xiaotian

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第1期91-107,共17页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：我国于共犯体系的选择上存在单一制与区分制两种不同主张。近年来,双方的理论对立逐渐深化且仍然激烈。对单一制作出系统性反思与检讨,既有利于廓清理论争议,也是抉择所需。经反思,在观察视角层面,单一制无视共同犯罪的团体性本质;在立法层面,单一制与我国立法进程及胁从犯规定不符;在理论层面,单一制无法真正引入归责理念,并且存在不当扩大、缩小处罚范围以及不能合理说明身份犯共犯的可罚性之缺陷;在实践层面,单一制不具有量刑以及主犯、从犯刑事证明指导功能。应从共同犯罪的团体性本质出发,构建中国特色“主—从”区分式共犯参与体系。There are two different propositions on the choice of the system of co-offenders in China:the system of not distinguishing a second participant from a perpetrator and the system of distinguishing a second participant from a perpetrator.In recent years,the theoretical opposition between the two sides has gradually deepened and still intensified.The systematic reflection and review of the system of not distinguishing a second participant from a perpetrator is not only conducive to clearing up the theoretical controversy,but also necessary for the choice.Upon reflection,at the level of observatory perspective,such system ignores the nature of a co-offenders as a group;at the legislative level,such system is inconsistent with the legislative process and the provisions on the coerced participant;at the theoretical level,such system can not really incorporate the concept of culpability,and there are such defects as improperly expanding and narrowing the scope of punishment and being unable to reasonably explain the punishability of a co-offender of a status-based offense;at the practical level,such system does not have functions of guiding the sentencing and the criminal proof of a perpetrator and a second participant.It is advisable to establish a system of co-offenders’participation by distinguishing"a second participant from a perpetrator"with Chinese characteristics from the essence of co-offenders as a group.

关 键 词：共犯体系 单一制正犯体系 区分制共犯体系 反思性检讨 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]