论实质性派生品种之判断——从1991年UPOV公约的解释与应用谈起  

On the Assessment of Essentially Derived Varieties——Starting from the Interpretation and Application of the 1991 UPOV Convention

作　　者：陈立毅[1] 黄铄媛 Chen Liyi;Huang Shuoyuan

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区人民检察院知识产权办公室 [2]新加坡国立大学

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2023年第11期95-105,共11页Electronics Intellectual Property

摘　　要：新修订的《中华人民共和国种子法》正式引入了实质性派生品种制度。在判定实质性派生品种时,“由派生引起的性状差异”包含基本性状的差异,但该差异实质上等同于原始品种的基本种性状。对“等同”之认定参照适用“全面覆盖原则”,适用三步检验法:一、是否从原始品种之中派生而来,但是由派生产生了基本性状上的差异?二、如果答案是肯定的,那么产生性状差异的派生技术是否在行业领域内具有显而易见性?三、如果是,实质性派生品种的基本性状是否能达到甚至超越前一品种的市场效果或在某些特征方面能起到替代或略胜一筹?如果是,那么该品种则属于实质性派生品种。而防止原始品种育种者滥用针对实质性派生品种的拒绝许可使用权,实质性派生品种的育种者也可以申请获得强制许可,以维护国家和社会公共利益。The newly revised Seed Law of the People’s Republic of China has officially introduced the system of essentially derived varieties.When determining essentially derived varieties,the“differences which result from the act of derivation”include differences in essential characteristics,but this difference is essentially equivalent to the essential characteristics of the initial variety.The determination of“equivalence”refers to the application of the“the Principle of Universal Coverage”and a three-step test:(1)Is it derived from the initial variety but has produced differences in essential characteristics due to derivation?(2)If the answer is yes,is the technology for generating characteristics differences in the derived variety obvious in the industry field?(3)If yes,can the essential characteristics of the essentially derived variety achieve or even surpass the market effect of the previous variety,or serve as a substitute or slightly better in some aspects?If so,the variety is considered an essentially derived variety.To prevent the breeders of the initial variety from abusing the right to refuse licensing for essentially derived varieties,the breeders of essentially derived varieties can also apply for compulsory licenses to protect national and public interests.

关 键 词：实质性派生品种 性状差异 从属专利 全面覆盖原则 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学] D922.4[政治法律—法学]