一种适宜机械化操作的桃树“X”形栽培模式  

A cultivation mode of“X”shaped of peach tree suitable for mechanization operation

作　　者：王继红 汪芸芸 潘海发[2] 石佩 盛玉[2] 周晖 李大辉[3] 张金云[2] WANG Jihong;WANG Yunyun;PAN Haifa;SHI Pei;SHENG Yu;ZHOU Hui;LI Dahui;ZHANG Jinyun(Wuhu Wanzhi Rural Revitalization of Promotion Center,Wuhu 241100,China;Institute of Horticulture,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;School of Life Sciences,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]芜湖市湾沚区乡村振兴促进中心,安徽芜湖241100 [2]安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所,安徽合肥230031 [3]安徽农业大学生命科学学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2023年第23期80-84,共5页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金[国家桃产业技术体系合肥综合试验站(CARS-30-Z-18)];安徽省果树产业技术体系(皖农科函[2021]711号);淮北市科技重大专项“淮北黄桃系列品种选育及栽培技术研究与推广”(HK2021017)。

摘　　要：为解决安徽省淮河以南地区桃树旺长或树体挂果量大负荷增加时,遇降雨大风天气,主枝基部易折断,以及桃栽培不适宜机械化生产的难题,本文提出一种适宜机械化操作的桃树“X”形栽培技术。“X”形树形的栽培技术要点包括定植和整形。定植:选用一级桃苗,每两株桃苗靠拢交叉定植在一起,两株桃苗交叉点距离地面40 cm,两株桃苗在水平方向上的夹角为50°~60°;两株桃苗的延长头分别伸向两侧行间,其方向与垄的行向垂直;两株桃苗靠拢交叉定植在一起,生产中视作一株;整形:“X”形定植后,在两株桃苗芽体饱满充实处截干,两株桃苗主干的上端即为生产中的两主枝,等同于“Y”树型的两个主枝,定植后一次成形。“X”形树形是两株桃苗的主干顶端直接发出新梢单轴延伸作为主枝的,各自向上继续生长,互不影响,均衡生长,果农易操作,节省人工,定植时人为直接调控两株苗主干即主枝角度,简单精准,定植后,树形能提前半年成形,一定程度上增加了抗压能力,且主枝不易折断。In order to solve the problem that the base of the main branch is easy to break in case of rainfall and windy weather,and the peach cultivation is not suitable for mechanized production,this paper proposed an X-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees suitable for mechanized operation.The main points of cultivation techniques for the new“X”shaped tree type included planting and shaping operation.Planting:selected first-class peach seedlings,each two peach seedlings were planted together,the intersection of the two peach seedlings was 40 cm away from the ground,and the angle between the two peach seedlings in the horizontal direction was 50°~60°;The extension heads of the two peach seedlings stretched out between the rows on both sides respectively,and the direction was perpendicular to the row direction of the ridge.Two peach seedlings were planted together and regarded as one in production;shaping:after the“X”shape was planted,the buds of the two peach seedlings were cut off at the full and full place,and the upper end of the main trunk of the two peach seedlings was the two main branches in production,which was equivalent to the two main branches of the“Y”shaped tree type,which were formed once after planting.The“X”shaped new tree type was the top of the trunk of two peach seedlings directly emitting a new shoot uniaxial extension as the main branch,each of which continues to grow upward,does not affect each other,balanced growth,easy to operate by fruit farmers,saves labor,and directly regulates the angle of the main trunk of the two seedlings when planting,which was simple and accurate,after planting,the tree type can be formed half a year in advance,which increases the compression resistance to a certain extent,and the main branch was not easy to break.

关 键 词：桃 树形 “X”形 整形修剪 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]