湿热地区城市静态水体能量分配特征研究--以广州荔湾湖为例  

Characteristics of Energy Partitioning of Static Urban Water Bodies in Hot-Humid Regions:A Case Study of Liwan Lake in Guangzhou

作　　者：姚灵烨 许亘昱 赵立华[1] YAO Lingye;XU Genyu;ZHAO Lihua

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学建筑学院,亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室 [2]云南大学建筑与规划学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2023年第6期9-14,共6页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国家科技创新合作重点专项(2019YFE0124500);广东省省级科技计划项目国际科技合作领域(2018A050501007);亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室开放课题(2021ZB01);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金自然科学基金面上项目。

摘　　要：城市水体作为一种基于自然的解决方案,被视为调节城市气候、改善城市热环境的重要工具。研究水体的能量分配特征是认识和把握水体对城市热环境影响的关键。然而,由于缺乏系统的量化方法和充分的数据支撑,水体的能量分配,即水体与周边环境能量交换的物理过程,尚未完全明晰。基于能量平衡理论,以广州荔湾湖为例,通过冬、夏两季的连续系统观测,得到湿热地区城市湖泊各能量分项的分配特征。结果表明:一、辐射通量在湖泊的能量平衡中具有双重作用,在白天短波辐射是主要能量输入源,在夜间长波辐射冷却是重要的散热形式;二、各能量分项受天气条件的影响不同,晴朗少云的“理想”天中净辐射通量Q*和潜热通量QE显著大于雨天和阴天多云等其他天气条件,而显热通量QH在这三种天气条件下的差异较小;三、季节对湖泊能量分配有显著影响,在高温高湿的夏季,蓄热通量Qs的平均日累计占比最大,即大部分净辐射分配给了蓄热;在凉爽干燥的冬季,QE占比最大,即大部分能量输入转化为了潜热。可为考察城市静态水体能量分配特征提供研究方法参考,并为认识和把握水体的气候调节效应提供湿热地区的数据支撑,进而推进基于蓝色基础设施的气候适应型城市建设。Urban areas play a fundamental role in local-to large-scale planetary processes by altering heat,moisture,and chemical budgets.As urbanization continues globally,it is vital to acknowledge the consequence of converting natural landscapes into the built-up environment.Cities around the world are experiencing elevated temperatures and extreme heat events due to the combined effects of global warming and urbanization.Recognizing cities as primary responders to global change,considerable efforts are currently dedicated worldwide to monitor and understand urban atmospheric dynamics.Additionally,various adaptation and mitigation strategies aimed to offset the impacts of rapid urban sprawl and urban overheating are being developed,implemented,and evaluated.Urban surfaces can inf luence the near-surface urban climate through three primary mechanisms,i.e.,radiative exchange,sensible heat exchange between urban surface and ambient air,and latent heat exchange via evaporation and transpiration.It is documented that urban surfaces could drive up to 25%of variation in air temperature.Urban water bodies,hailed as a nature-based solution,have emerged as an important potential strategy in tempering urban climates and enhancing thermal environments to design sustainable thermally-safe cities.The cooling benefits of water bodies have been widely investigated concerning their influence on surface and air temperatures.However,a better metric of thermal behavior of water bodies requires the consideration of the overall energy balance,including radiative energy exchange,convective heat transfer,evaporation,and heat storage and release.Analyzing the characteristics of energy partitioning of urban water bodies is the key to understanding and capturing the impacts of water bodies on urban thermal environment.However,due to the lack of systematic quantitative methods and adequate data support,the energy allocation of water bodies,i.e.,the physical process of energy exchange between water bodies and the surrounding environment,has not been

关 键 词：水体 能量平衡 波文比法 湿热地区 

分 类 号：TU119.4[建筑科学—建筑理论]