阴、阳极结构优化对稀土电解槽电热场的影响  

Effect of anode and cathode structure optimization on electric heating field of rare earth electrolytic cell

作　　者：龚姚腾[1] 陈泽斌 吕招东 逄启寿[1] 万福兴 刘胜 GONG Yaoteng;CHEN Zebin;LYU Zhaodong;PANG Qishou;WAN Fuxing;LIU Sheng(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学机电工程学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2023年第6期78-85,共8页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

摘　　要：针对稀土电解槽中阳极消耗后变形及阴极棒底部电流密度过大导致电热场分布不合理的现象,本文以某企业8 kA稀土电解槽为研究对象,运用COMSOL多物理场耦合软件对阳极倾角和阴极结构同时优化后的模型进行了三维电热场的模拟,并对电解槽的电热场分布进行分析研究。结果表明:在阴极棒底部优化成半球形结构后,阴极底部电流密度降低,且电解槽的下半部分电场分布更为均匀,改善了电解槽的局部过热的情况;阳极倾角适当增大,可以使槽内电压降低,高温区域向槽底转移;在阴极底部半球形结构条件下,当阳极倾角为8°、插入深度为320 mm时,电热场分布最为合理。Aiming at the unreasonable distribution of electric heating field caused by the deformation of anode after consumption and the excessive current density at the bottom of cathode rod in rare earth electrolytic cell,taking an 8 kA rare earth electrolytic cell of an enterprise as the research object,the three-dimensional electric heating field simulation was carried out by using COMSOL multi-physical field coupling software to optimize the model of anode inclination and cathode structure simultaneously.The electric field distribution of electrolytic cell was obtained and analyzed.The results show that the current density at the bottom of the cathode rod decreases and the electric field distribution in the bottom half of the electrolytic cell is more uniform after the cathode is optimized into a hemispherical shape,which improves the local overheating of the electrolytic cell.When the anode dip Angle increases,the voltage in the tank decreases,and the high temperature area shifts to the bottom of the tank.The distribution of electric heating field is the most reasonable when the anode half-dip Angle and insertion depth are 8°and 320 mm.

关 键 词：稀土电解槽 阴、阳极 结构优化 电热场分布 阴极底部结构 阳极倾角 

分 类 号：TF845[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF803.2