企业数据“三权分置”的内涵思考及其竞争法意义  

Thoughts on the Connotation of"Separation of Three Rights"for Enterprise Data and its Competition Law Significance

作　　者：王洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学数字经济知识产权法律与政策研究中心

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2023年第6期73-81,共9页Competition Policy Research

摘　　要：中央“数据二十条”构建了企业数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权和数据产品经营权三权分置的数据产权框架,但三权的内涵和边界尚不清晰。通过对司法实践中企业数据保护规则的类型化梳理和考察可以帮助厘清三权的内涵。三权对应的客体、权利内容存在差异,排他性也在全有和全无之间游移,需具体分析。三权排他性边界的确立,特别是企业数据资源持有权有限排他性的属性对企业数据竞争纠纷的裁判具有现实意义。在适用《反不正当竞争法》对企业数据纠纷进行裁判时,尤应关注到数字经济时代消费者作为数字劳动者的身份特征,以及《个人信息保护法》等确立的数据主体访问、复制、可携等控制性权利。The central government’s"Twenty Data Articles"have established a data property rights framework that separates enterprise data resource possessing rights,data processing and use rights,and data product operating rights.However,the connotation and boundaries of the three rights are not yet clear.A systematic review and examination of corporate data protection rules in judicial practice can help clarify the connotation of the three rights.There are differences in the objects and content of rights corresponding to the three rights,and exclusivity also fluctuates between all and nothing,which requires specific analysis.The establishment of the exclusivity boundaries of the three rights,especially the limited exclusivity of enterprise data resource possessing rights,has practical significance for the adjudication of enterprise data competition disputes.When applying anti-law to adjudicate corporate data disputes,special attention should be paid to the identity characteristics of consumers as digital workers in the digital economy era,as well as the accessing,copying,and portability rights of data subject established by the Personal Information Protection Act and other laws.

关 键 词：数据产权 三权分置 有限排他性 三重授权 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]