明代关中地区守巡道、兵备道演变考  

A Study on the Evolution of Shou-hsün Tao and Ping-pei Tao in Guanzhong Area in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：王荣斐 Wang Rongfei

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《贵州文史丛刊》2023年第4期48-57,共10页GUIZHOU CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL JOURNAL

摘　　要：明代陕西分巡关内道设置于洪武时期,分守关内道设于正统年间。天顺、成化年间,明廷将分巡关内道改为分巡关西道,又从分巡关西道中分出新的分巡关内道,分守关内道也经历了同样的过程。此后,守巡关内二道监理西安府州县、卫所。明中后期,明廷在关中地区设置兵备道,并令其与守巡道相兼职。正德年间,明廷设置潼关兵备道,其后又将其裁革。嘉靖年间,明廷再度设置潼关兵备道,又将分巡关内道改为邠泾兵备道,与潼关道划地分治。成化年间,明廷设置抚治商洛道,兼有分守之责,到了嘉靖年间,又与分守关内道划地分治。万历年间,商洛、关内两分守道也兼兵备,被改为商洛兵备道与西安兵备道。天启年间,关中守巡、兵备诸道彻底划清辖区,不再重叠。During the Ming Dynasty,the Shaanxi Fen-hsün Guannei Tao was established in Hongwu,the Fenshou Guannei Tao was established in Zhengtong.During the Tian Shun and Cheng Hua periods,the Ming government changed the Fen-hsün Guannei Tao to Fen-hsün Guanxi Tao,and a new Fen-hsün Guannei Tao was separated from Fen-hsün Guanxi Tao.The Fen-shou Guannei Tao also went through the same process.Afterwards,the Shou-hsün Guannei Taos within the pass were finally determined to supervise counties and wei-sos in Xi'an Prefecture.In the mid to late Ming Dynasty,the Ming government set up Ping-pei Taos and worked part-time with Shou-hsün Taos.During the Zhengde period,the Ming government established the Tongguan Ping-pei Tao and abolished it.During the Jiajing period,the Ming government reinstated the Ping-pei Tao and changed the Fen-hsün Guannei Tao to the Binjing Ping-pei Tao,which was divided jurisdiction with the Tongguan Ping-pei Tao.The Fuzhi Shangluo Tao was established during the Chenghua period and had the responsibility of Fen-shou.During the Jiajing period,it was divided jurisdiction with the Fen-shou Guannei Tao.During the Wanli period,the Fen-shou Shangluo Tao and Fenshou Guannei Tao were endowed with Ping-pei,making them Shangluo Ping-pei Tao and Xi'an Ping-pei Tao.During the Tianqi period,theShou-hsün Taos and Ping-pei Taos in the guanzhong region were thoroughly delineated and their jurisdiction was no longer overlapping.However,the details need to be examined.

关 键 词：明代 关中地区 守巡道 兵备道 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]