河西干旱区白芍养分吸收规律及其与药效成分积累的关系  

Nutrient Uptake Characteristics and Their Relationships with Accumulation of Medicinal Composition of Paeonia lactiflora in the Arid Region of Hexi

作　　者：张英英 吴之涛 杨宪忠 魏玉杰 杜雷超 吴芳 ZHANG Yingying;WU Zhitao;YANG Xianzhong;WEI Yujie;DU Leichao;WU Fang(Gansu Academy of Agri-Engineering Technology,Wuwei,Gansu 733006,China;Key Laboratory of the Special Medicine Source Plant for Germplasm Innovation and Safety Utilization in Gansu Province,Wuwei,Gansu 733006,China;Wuwei Technology Innovation Center of Genuine Medicinal Materials Ecological Cultivation in Qilian Mountain Area,Wuwei,Gansu 733006,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威733006 [2]甘肃省特种药源植物种质创新与安全利用重点实验室,甘肃武威733006 [3]武威市祁连山区道地中药材生态栽培技术创新中心,甘肃武威733006

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2023年第12期2100-2109,共10页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：财政部、农业农村部“国家中药材产业技术体系项目(CARS-21)”;甘肃省技术创新引导计划项目-民生科技专项(21CX6NA024);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(23JRRH0002)。

摘　　要：为揭示河西干旱区白芍干物质积累及营养元素吸收特征和药效成分累积规律,明确影响药效成分积累的营养元素种类,科学制定白芍施肥方案和规范化种植,以甘肃省古浪县古丰镇芍药产业基地4年生白芍为研究对象,通过田间试验测定白芍不同生长期干物质积累特征以及根中9个营养元素含量和3类药效成分含量,并分析白芍根中有效成分含量与营养元素的相关性。结果表明,(1)随着生育期延续,白芍根部干物质积累先下降后上升,全株干物质积累量逐渐增加,出苗后90~130 d是白芍干物质积累最快的时期,占总积累量的79.29%,是白芍生长的关键时期。(2)白芍地上部氮、钾含量总体呈下降趋势,而磷素含量总体呈明显增加趋势,而根部氮、磷含量总体呈减少趋势,钾含量变化不明显;地上部和根氮累积总量分别在出苗后130 d和150 d达到最高,地上部磷积累量在出苗后150 d达到最大,根部磷积累量分别在出苗后30 d、150 d达到高峰,地上部和根部钾积累量分别在出苗后70 d和150 d达到高峰。地上部氮、钾含量在不同生长时期均高于根部,其磷含量则在出苗后90 d前低于根部,在出苗后110 d后高于根部。(3)白芍根中芍药苷、芍药内酯苷积累量均先升高后降低,最后趋于稳定,多糖积累量表现为高-低-高的变化趋势。(4)芍药苷含量与氮、钙、铜含量均呈极显著正相关,与钾含量呈显著正相关,芍药内脂苷含量与氮、钾、钙、铜含量均呈极显著正相关,而芍药多糖与各营养元素含量之间没有相关性。可见,白芍氮、磷、钾营养最大效率期在出苗后110~150 d,适时追加氮、钾肥有利于根部生物量的积累,施肥中添加Ca、Cu元素能有效促进白芍药效成分的积累;河西冷凉山区白芍宜在9月中下旬(9月16日以后)采挖。The authors studied the rules of nutrient absorption and their relationships with the accumula-tion of medicinal composition,in order to clarify the types of nutrient elements that affect the accumula-tion of medicinal components and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific formulation of fertilization plans and standardized planting of Paeonia lactiflora in the Hexi region.The 4-year-old P.lactiflora were taken as the research material in Gufeng Town,Gulang County,Gansu Province.The dry matter ac-cumulation characteristics,nine nutrient elements and three types of medicinal compositions of P.lacti-flora at different growth stages were studied,and the correlation between the content of effective compo-nents in P.lactiflora and nutrient elements was explored with field experiments.The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter in the roots of P.lactiflora showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.The dry matter of the entire plant of P.lactiflora gradually increased with the growth period,and the period of 90 days to 130 days after emergence was the fastest period for dry matter accu-mulation,accounting for 79.29%of the total accumulation.It was a critical period for the growth of P.lactiflora.The nitrogen and potassium contents showed decreasing trend,while the phosphorus content showed significant increasing trend in the aboveground parts of P.lactiflora at different growth stages.The nitrogen and phosphorus contents showed decreasing trend in the roots,while the potassium content changed little.The total accumulation of aboveground and root nitrogen reached their highest levels at 130 days and 150 days after emergence,respectively.The accumulation of aboveground phosphorus reached its maximum at 150 days,while the accumulation of root phosphorus reached its peak at 30 days and 150 days after emergence.The accumulation of aboveground potassium reached its maximum at 70 days and the accumulation of root potassium reached its peak at 150 days after emergence.The nitrogen and potassi-um c

关 键 词：河西干旱区 白芍 干物质积累特征 养分吸收 中微量元素 药效成分 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学] S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]