非洲裔黑人选举权与查尔斯顿市的种族关系——以1876年美国南卡罗来纳州州长选举为中心  

African American Suffrage and Race Relations in Charleston:Focusing on the 1876 South Carolina Gubernatorial Election in the U.S.

作　　者：魏涛 WEI Tao(Department of History,Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu,215123,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学历史学系,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《史学集刊》2024年第1期60-71,共12页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“美国革命的多样面孔”(21DTR045)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1876年南卡罗来纳州州长大选前后,查尔斯顿市多次发生种族冲突,既反映了白人至上主义者与坚决捍卫公民权、平等权和选举权的非洲裔黑人之间不可调和的种族矛盾,也揭示了民主党和共和党之间激烈的政治斗争。非洲裔黑人占查尔斯顿市人口的大多数,而种族暴力并非局限在非洲裔黑人和白人之间,也存在于支持不同政党的非洲裔黑人选民之间,使得查尔斯顿市的种族关系存在明显的地方性和复杂性特征。对查尔斯顿市种族冲突的历史考察,有助于加深对美国重建后期非洲裔黑人选举权、种族关系和白人至上主义思想意识,以及民主党和共和党之间的政治斗争等问题的理解。Several racial conflicts occurred in Charleston before and after the 1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election.It not only reflects the irreconcilable racial contradiction between white supremacists and African-Americans who resolutely defend their citizenship,equality and voting rights,but also reveals the fierce political struggle between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.As African-Americans make up the majority of the population in Charleston,racial violence exists not just between African-Americans and whites,but also among black African voters who support different political parties,which obviously demonstrate locality and complexity of racial relations in Charleston.A detailed examination of racial conflicts in Charleston provides further understanding of African American suffrage,race relations,white supremacist ideology,and the political struggles between Democrats and Republicans in the late Reconstruction period.

关 键 词：美国 种族关系 非洲裔黑人 南卡罗来纳州州长大选 白人至上主义 

分 类 号：K712.44[历史地理—历史学] D771.2[历史地理—世界史]