二维纳米成炭剂增强可喷涂聚氨酯基绝热材料的耐烧蚀性能研究  

Study on ablative properties of sprayable polyurethane⁃based insulation materials enhanced by two⁃dimensional nano⁃charring agents

作　　者：刘超 张洁 程小凯 范敏 孙立 韩娇 余景景 张习龙 LIU Chao;ZHANG Jie;CHENG Xiao kai;FAN Ming;SUN Li;HAN Jiao;YU Jingjing;ZHANG Xilong(Hubei Sanjiang Aerospace Jianghe Chemical Technology Co.Ltd.,Yichang444200,China;The 9th System Design Department of CASIC,Wuhan430000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北三江航天江河化工科技有限公司,宜昌444200 [2]中国航天科工集团第九总体设计部,武汉430000

出　　处：《固体火箭技术》2023年第6期947-954,共8页Journal of Solid Rocket Technology

摘　　要：喷涂聚氨酯基弹性体存在易燃、耐烧蚀性能差及耐烧蚀绝热材料用酚醛树脂的小分子挥发等问题。以聚氨酯基喷涂材料为试验对象,设计合成一种二维纳米成炭剂(2d-CA),并应用于聚氨酯基喷涂绝热材料中,开展二维纳米成炭剂对聚氨酯基喷涂绝热材料烧蚀性能的影响规律及其热解过程中气相和凝聚相产物生成规律研究,提出了聚氨酯基喷涂绝热材料的耐烧蚀机制模型,进一步分析了含有2d-CA聚氨酯基喷涂绝热材料烧蚀分解过程及反应机制等。结果表明:聚氨酯基喷涂绝热材料采用二维纳米成炭剂相比传统酚醛树脂,具有更高的热稳定性,700℃下残炭量为17.94%;添加5%含量2d-CA的喷涂聚氨酯基绝热材料,线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.337 mm/s和0.227 g/s,其气相热解产物主要为饱和碳氢烷烃化合物、不饱和烃、CO_(2)和NH3等,其中饱和烷烃含量最高;该材料烧蚀炭层含有高热稳定P—O—C结构,可能是由2d-CA分子自身发生脱水反应或2d-CA与DOP之间发生酯化交联反应形成。Phenolic resin used for ablative insulation materialsfeatures inflammability,poor ablative resistance and small mole-cule volatilization.Taking polyurethane-based spraying materials as the test object,a two-dimensional nano-charring agent(2d-CA)was designed and synthesized,and applied it to polyurethane-based spraying insulation materials.The influence of 2d-CA on the ab-lative properties of polyurethane-based spraying insulation materials and the formation of gas phase and condensed phase products during pyrolysis were studied.The ablative mechanism model of polyurethane based spraying insulation material is also proposed.The ablative decomposition process and reaction mechanism of 2d-CA polyurethane-based spraying insulation materials were further ana-lyzed.The results show that compared with traditional phenolic resin-based spraying insulation materials,the thermal stability of poly-urethane-based spraying insulation materials with added 2d-CA is higher(the charring residue at 700℃is 17.94%).The line and mass ablation rates of polyurethane-based spraying insulation materials with added 5%2d-CA are 0.337 mm/s and 0.227 g/s,re-spectively.The gas phase pyrolysis products of the insulation materials are mainly saturated hydrocarbon alkane,unsaturated hydro-carbon,CO_(2) and NH3,among which the content of saturated alkane is the highest.The ablative carbon layer of the material contains a high thermal stability P—O—C structure,which may be formed by the dehydration reaction of 2d-CA molecules themselves or the esterification cross-linking reaction between 2d-CA and DOP.

关 键 词：绝热材料 聚氨酯弹性体 纳米成炭剂 耐烧蚀模型 

分 类 号：V255[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]