南疆5个枣品种物候特性的观测  

Observation of the Phenological Characteristics of Five Jujube Cultivars in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：王之妍 沈留记 田佳禾 杨彦 唐远胜 周正立[1,3] WANG Zhiyan;SHEN Liuji;TIAN Jiahe;YANG Yan;TANG Yuansheng;ZHOU Zhengli(College of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alar Xinjiang 843300,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar Xinjiang 843300,China;Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization Corps of Tarim Basin,Alar Xinjiang 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2024年第1期17-22,共6页Journal of Fruit Resources

基　　金：兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目(2021AB022)。

摘　　要：【目的】以塔里木大学园艺试验站引种栽培的5个枣品种为对象,探讨不同品种间物候差异以及落花落果动态规律。【方法】对每个品种的二次枝作为标准枝及对枣股观测其萌芽期、展叶期;对枣吊观测始花期、盛花期、末花期、坐果期、果实白熟期、果实脆熟期、果实完熟期以及落叶期的变化。【结果】1)5个枣品种2022年枣树年生长周期从4月持续到11月,生长期天数为196~216 d。不同品种间萌芽期相差1~8 d,展叶期相差2~7 d,花期相差2~7 d,坐果期相差1~11 d,果实成熟期相差1~13 d,落叶期相差1~12 d。2)各枣品种均出现2个落花高峰期,分别在5月29日—6月6日和6月10日—6月16日,落花率为95.60%(蜂蜜罐)~97.93%(妈妈枣);落果期亦呈“双峰型”,主要出现在6月20日—6月25日和8月19日—8月24日,落果率为41.51%(蜂蜜罐)~82.80%(苹果枣),平均落果率59.03%。【结论】不同枣品种从萌芽期到落叶期各生长期各有不同,各品种年生长期天数表现为伏脆蜜(216 d)>河南优系2(203 d)>妈妈枣(200 d)>苹果枣(198 d)>蜂蜜罐(196 d)。【Objective】Taking five jujube cultivars introduced and cultivated in Horticultural Experimental Station of Tarim University as the object,the phenological differences among different cultivars and the dynamic law of flower and fruit drop were discussed.【Methods】The secondary branches of each cultivar were used as standard branches and the germination period and leaf expansion period of jujube were observed.The changes of initial flowering period,full flowering period,final flowering period,fruit setting period,fruit white ripening period,fruit crisp ripening period,fruit ripening period and deciduous period were observed.【Results】1)The annual growth cycle of five jujube cultivars in 2022 continued from April to November,and the growth period was 196~216 d.The difference of germination period between different varieties was 1~8 d,the difference of leaf expansion period was 2~7 d,the difference of flowering period was 2~7 d,the difference of fruit setting period was 1~11 d,the difference of fruit maturity period was 1~13 d,and the difference of defoliation period was 1~12 d.2)There were two flower-dropping peaks in each jujube cultivar,which were from May 29th to June 6th and from June 10th to June 16th,respectively.The flower-dropping rate was 95.60%(Fengmiguan)~97.93%(Mamazao).The fruit drop period also showed a‘bimodal type’,which mainly occurred from June 20th to June 25th and from August 19th to August 24th.The fruit drop rate was 41.51%(Fengmiguan)~82.80%(Pingguozao).The average fruit drop rate was 59.03%.【Conclusion】Different jujube varieties have different growth periods from germination stage to defoliation stage.The annual growth period days of each variety are as follows:Fucuimi(216 d)>Henan Youxi 2(203 d)>Mamazao(200 d)>Pingguozao(198 d)>Fengmiguan(196 d).

关 键 词：物候期 落花率 落果率 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]