梨园地被植物与昆虫的多样性及时序动态  

Biodiversity and Temporal Dynamics of Ground Cover Plants and Insect in Pear Orchards

作　　者：冀佳悦 马莉 马瑞燕[2] 赵龙龙[1] JI Jiayue;MA Li;MA Ruiyan;ZHAO Longlong(Pomology Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030031,China;Shanxi Agricultural University College of Plant Protection,Taigu Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学果树研究所,山西太原030031 [2]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2024年第1期50-55,共6页Journal of Fruit Resources

基　　金：国家梨产业体系(CARS-28-19);梨、樱桃有机旱作栽培技术研究与示范(2021YFD1901105-X-Y);山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021222149);山西农业大学“引进人才科研启动工程”项目,优秀博士启动项目(2023BQ17);山西省博士毕业生、博士后研究人员来晋工作奖励经费科研项目(SXBYKY2022141)。

摘　　要：【目的】对自然生草果园的地被植物和昆虫构成进行调查分析,探索地被植物对梨园生态系统的稳定性及昆虫多样性的影响。【方法】以山西省太谷区自然生草梨园为研究对象,对梨园地被植物和昆虫的种类、数量以及相互关系进行分析。【结果】梨园地被植物上共采集到昆虫7623头,分属10个目51个科,其中植食性昆虫占比最大;地被植物7080株,分属个26科59种,其中以活血丹数量最多,菊科种类最多。昆虫群落和地被植物的多样性指数变化趋势有一定相似性,而不同类别的地被植物对不同昆虫类群发生的作用不同。【结论】梨园地被植物上昆虫种类丰富,植被多样性影响昆虫多样性及类群构成,可通过调整地被植物种类以吸引天敌昆虫并对害虫的发生进行调控。【Objective】The composition of ground cover plants and insects in natural grass orchards was investigated and analyzed to explore the effects of ground cover plants on the stability of pear orchard ecosystem and insect biodiversity.【Methods】The temporal dynamics and interrelationships of ground cover plants and insects in a natural grass pear orchard were analyzed in Taigu District Shanxi Province.【Results】The results showed that a total of 7623 insects were collected from ground cover plants,and belonging to 51 families,10 orders,among which herbivores insects accounted for the largest proportion.There were 7080 ground cover plants belonging classified into 59 species in 26 families,among which the quantity of Glechoma longituba was the largest.The compositae contained the most species.The variation trend of the diversity index of insect and ground cover plants were similar,and different types of ground cover plants have different effects on the occurrence of different insect groups.【Conclusion】There are an abundance of insects on ground cover plants,and vegetation diversity affects insect biodiversity and group composition.The species of ground cover plants can be intervened to attract natural enemy insects and control the pests.

关 键 词：生物多样性 生境调控 地被植物 昆虫 梨园 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]