施氮量与种植密度对烤烟的影响及合理株型指标量化  

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density on Flue-Cured Tobacco and Quantification of Reasonable Plant Type Index

作　　者：王玉华[1] 王德权[1] 谢庆 孙延国[3] 刘中庆[1] 吴腾 董小卫[4] 白中友 杨秀峰[1] 王大海[1] 王微棕 WANG Yuhua;WANG Dequan;XIE Qing;SUN Yanguo;LIU Zhongqing;WU Teng;DONG Xiaowei;BAI Zhongyou;YANG Xiufeng;WANG Dahai;WANG Weizong(Shandong Weifang Tobacco Limited Company,Weifang,Shandong 261061;Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014;Institute of Tobacco Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao,Shandong 266101;China Tobacco Shandong Industry Co.Ltd.,Jinan 250014)

机构地区：[1]山东潍坊烟草有限公司,山东潍坊261061 [2]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014 [3]中国农业科学院烟草研究所/农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,山东青岛266101 [4]山东中烟工业有限责任公司,济南250014

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第35期41-48,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山东潍坊烟草有限公司科技项目“烟草智能打顶机械研制与应用”(2022-41);中国烟草总公司山东省公司重点项目“高端卷烟原料生产核心技术集成与示范”(202001);山东中烟工业有限责任公司重点项目“‘泰山’品牌导向型高端原料生产模式构建与示范”(202101001)。

摘　　要：为获得烤烟优质高产栽培的合理株型,以‘中川208’品种为试验材料,开展不同施氮量与种植密度组合大田试验,研究烤烟株型性状与烟叶产质量的关系,进行烤烟株型性状与烟叶产值、烟叶化学成分可用性指数(Chemical Components Usability Index,CCUI)的回归关系分析,提出烤烟合理株型特征。结果表明,施氮量与种植密度对烟草株型性状、干物质积累量、烟叶经济性状、化学成分产生显著影响,适当增加施氮量,可以促进烟株主茎、叶片生长、干物质积累,增加烟叶产量、产值,提升化学成分协调性;增加密度使烤烟单株主茎变高变细,叶片变小,干物质积累减少,但群体烟叶产量、产值增加,化学成分协调性先升高后降低。中部叶是影响烟叶产值、质量的关键因素。构建烟草株型性状与烟叶产值、CCUI的回归方程,获得‘中川208’平顶期合理株型性状范围:株高124.77~128.70 cm,茎围9.61~9.84 cm,节距6.20~6.35 cm,下部叶长56.06~58.05 cm、叶宽28.15~30.57 cm,中部叶长63.74~69.05 cm、叶宽29.93~30.36 cm,上部叶长48.44~49.32 cm、叶宽21.03~21.75 cm,下部叶比例29.11%~30.86%,中部叶比例37.77%~38.12%,上部叶比例29.18%~31.27%。In order to obtain a reasonable plant type for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of flue-cured tobacco,the‘Zhongchuan 208’variety was used as experimental material to carry out field experiment with different nitrogen application rates and planting densities to study the relationship between the characteristics of flue-cured tobacco plant type and the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.Regression analysis of plant type traits of flue-cured tobacco and leaf output value,Chemical Components Usability Index(CCUI)of flue-cured tobacco was carried out to put forward the reasonable plant type of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that nitrogen application rate and planting density had significant effects on tobacco plant type traits,dry matter accumulation,economic traits of tobacco leaves,and chemical composition.Proper increase of nitrogen application rate could promote the growth and dry matter accumulation of tobacco main stems and leaves,increase the yield and output value of tobacco leaves,and improve the coordination of chemical composition.The increase of density could make the main stem of a single plant of flue-cured tobacco become taller and thinner,the leaves become smaller,and the accumulation of dry matter decrease.However,the yield and output value of population tobacco leaves increased,and the coordination of chemical components first increased and then decreased.The middle leaf is the key factor affects the output value and quality of tobacco.The regression equation of tobacco plant type traits with tobacco leaf output value and CCUI was constructed,and the reasonable plant type traits range of‘Zhongchuan 208’at flat top stage was calculated:plant height 124.77-128.70 cm,stem circumference 9.61-9.84 cm,pitch 6.20-6.35 cm,lower leaf length 56.06-58.05 cm,leaf width 28.15-30.57 cm,middle leaf length 63.74-69.05 cm,leaf width 29.93-30.36 cm,upper leaf length 48.44-49.32 cm,leaf width 21.03-21.75 cm,the ratio of lower leaf was 29.11%-30.86%,the ratio of middle leaf was 37.77%-38.12%,and t

关 键 词：烤烟 株型 施氮量 种植密度 烟叶产质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]