生物炭连续施用对旱地红壤细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of continuous biochar application on bacterial community structure in upland red soil

作　　者：林小兵 成艳红[1] 王斌强 何绍浪 黄尚书[1,2] 周际海 蔡晓斌 黄欠如[1] LIN Xiao-bing;CHENG Yan-hong;WANG Bin-qiang;HE Shao-lang;HUANG Shang-shu;ZHOU Ji-hai;CAI Xiao-bin;HUANG Qian-ru(Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Red Soil Arable Land Conservation/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Jiangxi Province Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanchang Jiangxi 331717;College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang Jiangxi 330045;School of Ecology and Environment,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu Anhui 241002;Fuzhou Rice Seed Farm of Jiangxi Province,Fuzhou Jiangxi 344106)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤研究所,江西省红壤耕地保育重点实验室/国家红壤改良工程研究中心/农业农村部江西耕地保育科学观测试验站,江西南昌331717 [2]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌330045 [3]安徽师范大学生态与环境学院,安徽芜湖241002 [4]江西省抚州市水稻原种场,江西抚州344106

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第10期28-35,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42267055);国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心开放基金(2020NETRCRSI-10);博士科研基金项目(HRBS03);江西省重点研发计划项目(20181BBF68009)。

摘　　要：为揭示生物炭对于旱地红壤土壤改良的长期影响,通过连续8年的田间小区试验,设置3个试验处理:不施生物炭(CK)、750 kg·hm^(-2)生物炭(C1)和1500 kg·hm^(-2)生物炭(C2)。研究了生物炭连续施用对旱地红壤土壤理化性质、细菌群落结构特征的影响,并分析了影响细菌群落结构特征的理化因子。结果表明,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)6个门类是所有处理的优势菌群;与CK相比,施用生物炭可以显著提高土壤pH 0.11~0.29个单位、碳氮比7.85%~8.21%和有机质8.70%~11.97%,而显著降低土壤硝态氮含量10.57%~38.63%。主成分分析表明施用生物炭显著改变了细菌群落结构组成(R=0.52,P=0.02);在门水平上,与CK处理相比,C1处理放线菌门的相对丰度显著增加24.73%,C2处理拟杆菌门的相对丰度显著增加39.03%,而C1处理的绿弯菌门显著低于CK,降幅为18.90%。冗余分析表明,土壤硝态氮(R~2=0.77,P<0.01)和pH(R~2=0.54,P<0.05)是细菌群落结构变异的主导性环境因子;细菌群落与环境因素相关性表明,优势菌群受土壤pH、有机质、溶解性有机碳、硝态氮、铵态氮和碳氮比的影响。综上,生物炭施用8年后对土壤环境因子有显著的影响,其中某些关键环境因子的改变驱动了土壤细菌群落的生态演替。To reveal the long-term effects of biochar on soil improvement in dryland red soil,a field experiment was conducted with three treatments:no biochar(CK),750 kg·hm~(-2) biochar(C1)and 1500 kg·hm~(-2) biochar(C2)after8 years of biochar application.The effects of biochar application on bacterial community structure characteristics and soil physicochemical property in dryland red soil were studied,and the physicochemical factors affecting the bacterial community structure characteristics were analyzed.Results showed that Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes,Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria.Compared with CK,biochar application significantly increased soil pH,C/N and organic matter by 0.11-0.29,7.85%-8.21%and 8.70%-11.97%,respectively,while soil nitrate nitrogen content was decreased by 10.57%-38.63%.Principal component analysis showed that the application of biochar significantly changed the composition of bacterial community structure(R=0.52,P=0.02).Compared with CK,the Actinobacteria of C1treatment was significantly higher than CK by 24.73%,and the Bacteroidetes of C2 treatment was significantly higher than CK by 39.03%,while the Chloroflexi of C1 treatment was significantly lower than CK by 18.90%.Redundancy analysis showed that soil nitrate nitrogen(R~2=0.77,P<0.01)and pH(R~2=0.54,P<0.05)were the dominant environmental factors for the variation of bacterial community structure.The correlation analysis between bacterial communities and environmental factors showed that the dominant bacteria were also affected by soil pH,organic matter,dissolved organic carbon,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and C/N.In summary,the application of biochar for 8 years had a significant impact on soil environmental factors,and the changes of some key environmental factors drove the ecological succession of soil bacterial community.

关 键 词：生物炭 连续施用 细菌 群落结构 理化因子 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]