覆膜和秸秆还田对滨海盐渍土盐分及大麦氮素利用的影响  

Effects of plastic film mulch and straw return on the soil salt and barley nitrogen utilization in coastal saline soil

作　　者：朱海 李燕丽[1,2] 杨劲松 姚荣江[2] 杨军[1] ZHU Hai;LI Yan-li;YANG Jin-song;YAO Rong-jiang;YANG Jun(Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou Hubei 434025;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210008)

机构地区：[1]湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心/涝渍灾害与湿地农业湖北省重点实验室/长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第10期75-82,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42207414,41901135);长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF202115);长江科学院开放基金项目(CKWV2019770/KY);湖北省教育厅项目(Q20191303)。

摘　　要：盐渍化引起土壤环境恶化,导致作物养分利用效率低下。为了研究覆膜和秸秆还田对滨海盐渍土盐碱障碍消减和作物氮素养分利用及氮平衡的影响。于2020年12月采集田间土壤,至2021年6月开展温室大麦盆栽试验,设5个不同处理,即覆膜(FM)、秸秆还田(SR)、覆膜+秸秆还田(FM+SR)、无覆膜还田只施肥(CK)、无覆膜还田不施氮肥(CK0)。在大麦收获后,采集盆栽土样和地上部植株样,测定相关的土壤盐碱及团粒结构指标,分析大麦的氮素养分吸收状况,计算氮肥利用效率和氮平衡。结果表明:(1)覆膜和秸秆还田单一或组合处理均显著降低了土壤含盐量,其中两者组合降盐效果最为显著,土壤盐分降低了37.53%。但各处理对土壤pH的影响不显著。(2)覆膜和秸秆还田单一或组合处理对土壤容重的影响不显著,但覆膜和秸秆还田组合处理下土壤水稳性大团聚体(>0.25 mm)的含量有所提高,表层土壤含水量也显著提高了10.18%。(3)覆膜和秸秆还田组合处理产量、秸秆量均为最高,较CK分别增加了17.98%和13.10%,就氮素吸收量来看,覆膜和秸秆还田组合处理也为最高,增幅达到17.88%。(4)覆膜和秸秆还田组合处理还显著提高了氮肥当季回收率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力,增幅分别为25.45%、32.45%和17.98%,同时降低了氮素表观损失量。综合来看,覆膜和秸秆还田组合处理主要是通过改善盐渍土水盐运移过程来消减土壤的盐渍障碍,同时改善土壤的团粒结构,提高土壤的保水性,进而提高了作物产量、吸氮量和氮素养分利用效率,减少了氮素的表观损失量。Soil salinization causes the deterioration of soil environment,and limits the effective use of nitrogen by crops.Controlling the soil salinization process is important for the development of agricultural productivity.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plastic film mulch and straw return on the soil saline-alkali properties and crop nitrogen utilization in coastal salinized farmland.Pot experiments were conducted in the greenhouse of Yangtze University from December 2020 to June 2021.The experiments contained five treatments:film mulch(FM),straw return(SR),film mulching plus straw return(FM+SR),no film mulch and straw return,only fertilizer(CK),no film mulch and straw return,no nitrogen fertilizer(CK0).Soil samples were collected after barley harvest.Meanwhile,the barley plants were collected manually from each pot.The soil salt content,pH,moisture content,bulk density and aggregate,barley yield and nitrogen content were analyzed,the nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency were calculated.Results showed that(1)Single or coupled application of film mulch and straw return significantly reduced soil salt content,of which,FM+SR treatment showed the most significant effect,with the soil salinity decreased by 37.53%.However,their effects on soil pH were not significant.(2)The effect of single or coupled application of film mulch and straw return on soil bulk density was not significent.FM+SR treatment improved the content of soil water-stable macroaggregates (>0.25 mm),as well,the soil moisture content in the topsoil improved by treatment 10.18%.(3)FM+SR treatment had the highest yield and straw amount,which was increased by 17.98%and 13.10%respectively,compared with CK.In terms of nitrogen uptake,the nitrogen uptake in FM+SR treatment was also the highest,which increased by 17.88%.(4)FM+SR treatment also significantly increased the nitrogen recovery rate,nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity,the increases were 25.45%,32.45%and 17.98%,respectively,while reducing the

关 键 词：覆膜 秸秆还田 土壤盐分 氮利用率 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] S512.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]