生物炭基复合材料对镉污染土壤理化性状和小白菜生长的影响  

Effects of biochar-based composites on physicochemical characteristics of Cd-contaminated soil and growth of Chinese cabbage

作　　者：赵瑞芬[1] 时佳琦 滑小赞 冯悦晨 王森 李佳月 续彦凤 刘奋娥 ZHAO Rui-fen;SHI Jia-qi;HUA Xiao-zan;FENG Yue-chen;WANG Sen;LI Jia-yue;XU Yan-feng;LIU Fen-e(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University/Provincial State Key Laboratory of Organic Dry Farming(Preparatory),Taiyuan Shanxi 030031)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室(筹),山西太原030031

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第10期91-99,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目(202105D121008);山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D31209-1)。

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验研究了生物炭基复合材料(MPC-BC)不同添加量(质量比1%、3%、5%,记为T1、T2、T3处理)对土壤理化性质、镉(Cd)形态转化以及小白菜生长、生理特性及Cd吸收的影响。结果表明:添加MPC-BC能显著促进Cd胁迫下小白菜的生长,与不添加MPC-BC(CK)比,小白菜株高、地上和地下部生物量显著增加,T3处理增加最多,分别较CK提升78.11%、137.72%和60.64%;随着MPC-BC施入量增多,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先升高后降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,T2处理小白菜叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性最高;小白菜中Cd含量随MPC-BC施用量增加而减少。添加MPC-BC处理土壤pH降低0.13~0.42个pH单位,土壤电导率增加了6.92%~137.6%,土壤全氮、速效钾、有机质含量和阳离子交换量升高,但土壤有效磷含量降低。添加MPC-BC可有效降低土壤中有效态Cd含量,同时促进弱酸提取态Cd和可还原态Cd向残渣态Cd转化。因此,复合材料能有效地固定污染土壤中的Cd,缓解Cd胁迫对作物的伤害,本试验条件下配施3%的MPC-BC修复效果最佳。The pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of different amounts of biochar-based composites( MPC-BC)( mass ratio of 1 %,3 %,5 %,marking as T1,T2,T3,respectively) on soil physicochemical characteristics,forms transformation of cadmium( Cd),Chinese cabbage growth,physicochemical characteristics and Cd absorption by plant.The results showed that the application of MPC-BC significantly promoted the growth of Chinese cabbage under Cd stress.Compared with CK(without MPC-BC applicaion),the plant height,aboveground and underground biomass of Chinese cabbage increased significantly,and those in T3 treatment increased the most,which was 78.11%,137.72% and 60.64% higher than that of CK,respectively.With the increased application of MPC-BC,the activities of superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD) and catalase( CAT) were increased first and then decreased,and the content of malondialdehyde( MDA) were decreased significantly.The activities of SOD,POD and CAT in Chinese cabbage leaves were the highest under T2 treatment.The absorptive capacity of Cd by Chinese cabbage decreased with the increased application of MPC-BC.Under the condition of applying MPC-BC,The soil pH was decreased by 0.13-0.42 pH unit,soil electrical conductivity was increased by 6.92%-137.6%,soil total nitrogen,available potassium,organic matter content and cation exchange capacity were increased,and soil available phosphorus was content decreased.The application of MPC-BC reduced the content of available Cd in soil,and the weak acid extractable Cd and reducible Cd were transformed into residual Cd.Therefore,the composite material can effectively fix Cd in contaminated soil and alleviate the damage of Cd stress to crops.Under the conditions of this experiment,the application of 3 % has the best remediation effect.

关 键 词：镉 生物炭基复合材料 理化性状 小白菜 生理特性 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] S156[农业科学—园艺学]