氮磷钾肥配施对前胡产量和品质的动态影响  

Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer application on yield and quality dynamic of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn

作　　者：郭瑀 徐广[1] 罗舜[1] 罗敏[1] 谭秋生[1] 杨永东[1] 邓才富[1] GUO Yu;XU Guang;LUO Shun;LUO Min;TAN Qiu-sheng;YANG Yong-dong;DENG Cai-fu(Chongqing Research Center of Engineering and Techniques for Authentic Ingredients Standardized Production,Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation,Chongqing 400485)

机构地区：[1]重庆市药物种植研究所,重庆市道地药材规范化生产工程技术研究中心,重庆400485

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第10期169-176,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0664);重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0815);重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(cstc2021jxjl130016);重庆市科技局技术创新与应用发展专项(CSTC2021jscx-gksb-N0035)。

摘　　要：研究氮、磷、钾肥配施对前胡产量和指标成分积累规律的影响,为前胡高效施肥和提产提质提供理论依据。以白花前胡为材料,采用三因素三水平正交试验设计开展田间小区试验,研究氮(N用量分别为0、36.8、73.6 kg/hm~2)、磷(P_(2)O_(5)用量分别为0、24、48 kg/hm~2)、钾(K_(2)O用量分别为0、41.6、83.2 kg/hm~2)配施对前胡产量、白花前胡甲素、白花前胡乙素、浸出物、土壤有效养分含量及根部养分积累量的影响。结果表明:与不施肥相比,合理配施可提升根际土壤有效养分含量,增加根部氮、磷、钾积累量,促进产量增加,提高白花前胡甲素、白花前胡乙素、浸出物含量。配施后,前胡品质在12月下旬最佳。此时,前胡在T5处理(N 36.8 kg/hm~2,P_(2)O_(5)48 kg/hm~2,K_(2)O 0 kg/hm~2)下3种指标成分均符合《中华人民共和国药典》(2020年版)相关要求,且生物量达到32.54 g/株,与不施肥相比增加了49.95%。前胡的适宜配施方式为少施氮肥、适量增施磷肥,适宜收获时期为12月下旬,适宜氮磷配施用量为施氮量36.8 kg/hm~2,施磷量48 kg/hm~2。To improve fertilizer efficiency and enhance yield and quality,the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer on the yield and index ingredients of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn were studied.A field experiment with three-factor and three-level orthogonal experimental design was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen(N 0,36.8,73.6kg/hm~2),phosphorus(P_2O_(5) 0,24,48 kg/hm~2) and potassium(K_(2O) 0,41.6,83.2 kg/hm~2) mixed fertilizer application on the yield and concentrations of praeruptorin A,praeruptorin B,extract,plant nutrients,rhizosphere soil nutrients of P.praeruptorum.The results showed that,compared with no fertilization,sufficient mixed fertilizer increased the concentration of rhizosphere soil available nutrients,accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium nutrients in root,root biomass and concentrations of praeruptorin A,praeruptorin B,extract.The best quality of P.praeruptorum appeared at late December.At this period,three index ingredients reached the standard of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020)under T5 treatment(N 36.8kg/hm~2,P_2O_(5) 48 kg/hm~2,K_(2O) 0 kg/hm~2),the biomass of which was 32.54 g/plant,increase of 49.95% compared to no fertilization.Less nitrogen and more phosphorus fertilizer application can improve yield and quality of P.praeruptorum when potassium is adequate in soil.The suitable harvest period is at late December.In this study,optimal nitrogen and phosphorus mixed fertilizer application were 36.8 and 48 kg/hm~2,respectively.

关 键 词：前胡 配施 产量 品质 时期 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]