不同氮磷钾配比对乌头生长及黑顺片品质的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium ratio on the Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.growth characteristics and the processed Heishunpian quality

作　　者：李旦旦 邱浩 崔浪军[1] 张国彦 王国栋[1] 强毅[1] LI Dan-dan;QIU Hao;CUI Lang-jun;ZHANG Guo-yan;WANG Guo-dong;QIANG Yi(National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry,Ministry of Education,College of Life Sciences,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an Shaanxi 710119;Chenggu County Qunli Traditional Chinese Medicine Cooperative,Hanzhong Shaanxi 723200)

机构地区：[1]西北濒危药材资源开发国家工程实验室,药用资源与天然药物化学教育部重点实验室,陕西师范大学生命科学学院,陕西西安710119 [2]城固县群利中药材合作社,陕西汉中723200

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第10期177-183,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中央高校创新团队项目(GK202001006,GK202006003);陕西省重点研发项目(2019ZDLSF04-01-01,S2020-YF-YBSF-1029);科技部科技惠民计划(2012GS610102)。

摘　　要：附子是我国传统大宗药材之一。近年来,施用氮磷钾复合肥已成为提高种植附子产量的常规手段。但不同施肥模式下产出的附子及加工产品黑顺片的质量是否符合新版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)的规定尚不清楚,因此筛选科学的氮磷钾配施方案对附子产业的质量提升具有重要意义。笔者在陕西省城固县开展大田试验,通过对13种不同施肥处理下附子产量、加工产品黑顺片的主要有效成分的含量以及经济效益等进行综合分析,筛选科学的氮磷钾配施方案。结果表明,不同比例氮磷钾复合肥可以对附子产量及质量、黑顺片质量等影响不同,处理13(施用量N 450 kg/hm~2、P_(2)O_(5)84.375 kg/hm~2、K_(2)O 56.25 kg/hm~2)的附子双酯型生物碱和总生物碱含量较高,但是加工产品黑顺片的灰分、酸不溶性灰分及浸出物的含量均不符合新《中国药典》要求,处理5(施用量N 450 kg/hm~2、P_(2)O_(5)168.750 kg/hm~2、K_(2)O 112.50 kg/hm~2)的附子产量和生物碱含量有所增加,但是经济效益一般,相比之下,处理6(施用量为N 450 kg/hm~2、P_(2)O_(5)253.130 kg/hm~2、K_(2)O 112.50 kg/hm~2)的经济效益高,加工的黑顺片符合新《中国药典》要求,同时不危害当地生态环境,最值得推广,且根据主成分分析得出附子的产量、附子的生物碱和黑顺片灰分是决定附子综合品质的关键因素。Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.(A.carmichaelii) is one of the traditional bulk medicinal materials in China.In recent years,applying nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is a common cultivation method to increase the A.carmichaelii yield.However,it is not clear whether the quality of the A.carmichaelii and processed Heishunpian under these fertilization modes meets the requirements of the new Pharmacopoeia of the people’s republic of China.Therefore,it is important to screen the scientific nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application plan for the A.carmichaelii cultivation.In this study,the A.carmichaelii was cultivated and applied different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer at Chenggu county,Shaanxi province,then the effects of these fertilizers on the herb growth,the Heishunpian quality and economic benefits were analyzed.The results indicated that these different compound fertilizer treatments showed different effects.Among the 13 treatments,the treatment 13 (the amount of application is N 450 kg/hm~2,P_2O_(5) 84.357 kg/hm~2,K_2O56.25 kg/hm~2) indicated higher diester alkaloids and total alkaloids contents,but the contents of ash,acid-insolube ash and water extract of its processed Heishunpian could not meet the requirements of the new Pharmacopoeia of the people’s republic of China.However,the treatment 5(the amount of application is N 450 kg/hm~2,P_2O_(5) 168.750 kg/hm~2,K_(2O) 112.50 kg/hm~2) showed higher yield and alkaloids contents,and its net profit were lower.The treatment 6 (the amount of application is N 450 kg/hm~2,P_2O_(5) 253.130 kg/hm~2,K_(2O) 112.50 kg/hm~2) showed the excellent net profit,and the processed Heishunpian quality could meet the requirements of the new Pharmacopoeia of the people’s republic of China.According to the principal component analysis,the herb yield,the alkaloids and the ash contents of Heishunpian are the key factors that determine the comprehensive quality of herb.

关 键 词：附子 品质 氮磷钾配比 经济效益 黑顺片 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]