不同施肥水平下粉葛氮磷钾吸收及干物质积累的特征  

Characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium absorption and dry matter accumulation in Pueraria thomsonii Benth.under different fertilization levels

作　　者：王艳[1] 何明慧 黄廉康 王学礼[2] 欧昆鹏[1] WANG Yan;HE Ming-hui;HUANG Lian-kang;WANG Xue-li;OU Kun-peng(Biotechnology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning Guangxi 530004;College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning Guangxi 530004)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院生物技术研究所,广西南宁530004 [2]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第10期184-192,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204056);广西藤县粉葛试验站项目(桂TS201431);广西农业科学院基本业务专项(桂农科2021YT091)。

摘　　要：为探明赤红壤区粉葛生长发育中氮、磷、钾及干物质吸收积累的规律,采用“3414”随机区组设计,研究不同施肥水平下粉葛关键生育期各器官的养分吸收积累特征。结果表明,粉葛氮、磷、钾积累量均在块根形成至膨大阶段增幅最大,积累曲线呈近似“S型”,其吸收能力为钾>氮>磷。不同施氮水平下,块根含氮量在苗期和块根膨大期的氮肥调控效应较为明显,茎氮含量虽比对照显著提高,但施氮处理间无显著差异,各生育期氮含量表现为叶>块根、茎,成熟期减量施氮(N1)处理的氮素积累量最大,为19.91 g/株。不同施磷水平下,块根形成及膨大期的块根磷含量、块根形成期的茎磷含量、成熟期的叶磷含量较对照显著提高,而其他生育期的磷肥调控效应不明显,块根膨大期正常施磷(P2)处理的磷素积累达到了最高峰,为2.04 g/株。不同施钾水平下,块根形成以后K2、K1处理提高各器官含钾量的幅度要大于K3、K0处理,K3处理甚至降低了成熟期块根含钾量,钾积累量表现为K2>K1>K0>K3>CK处理,成熟期各处理钾积累存在较大差异。从苗期到成熟期,块根干物质的量不断上升,而地上部分干物质的量表现先上后下的积累特征,随着生育期的推进,各处理均显示块根干物质量的占比逐渐加大,成熟期块根占68.54%~78.56%,地上部分占21.44%~31.46%。不同施肥水平中,以减量施氮(N1P2K2)处理的块根干物质分配最高,占80.12%。In order to explore the pattern of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and dry matter absorption and accumulation of Pueraria thomsonii Benth.in lateritic red soil area,the “3414” randomized block design was used to study the nutrient absorption and accumulation characteristics of various organs in the key growth stages of Pueraria thomsonii Benth.under different fertilization levels.The results showed that the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Pueraria thomsonii Benth.increased the most from root formation to expansion period,and the accumulation curve was similar to “S-shaped”,and its absorption capacity was potassium > nitrogen > phosphorus.Under different nitrogen application levels,the nitrogen regulation effect of root tuber nitrogen content in seedling stage and root tuber expansion stage was more obvious,although the stem nitrogen content was significantly higher than the control.However,there was no significant difference between nitrogen application treatments.The nitrogen content of leaf at each growth stage was higher than that of root and stem.The nitrogen accumulation of reduced nitrogen application(N1) at maturity was the largest,which was 19.91 g/plant.Under different phosphorus application levels,the phosphorus content of root tuber at root formation and expansion stage,stem phosphorus content at root tuber formation stage,and leaf phosphorus content at maturity stage were significantly higher than those of the control.However,the regulation effect of phosphorus fertilizer in other growth stages was not obvious.The accumulation of phosphorus in the treatment of normal phosphorus application(P2) reached the peak of 2.04 g/plant at the root tuber expansion stage.Under different potassium application levels,after root tuber formation,the potassium content of each organ of K2 and K1 treatments increased more than that of K3 and K0 treatments,and K3 treatment reduced the potassium content of root tubers at maturity.The potassium accumulation showed as K2> K1> K0> K3> CK treatment,

关 键 词：粉葛 氮磷钾 干物质 生育期 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]