施磷影响番茄磷吸收的根系及微生物动态过程  

Phosphorus fertilization influences dynamics in root and microbial traits and phosphorus acquisition in Solanum lycopersicum

作　　者：何怡 高伟[3] 阮云泽[3] 蔡树美[1,2] 徐四新[1,2] 诸海焘 张德闪[1,2] HE Yi;GAO Wei;RUAN Yun-ze;CAI Shu-wei;XU Si-xin;ZHU Hai-tao;ZHANG De-shan(Institute of Ecological Environment Protection Research,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403;Shanghai Scientific Observing and Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment and Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology,Shanghai 201403;College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou Hainan 570228)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403 [2]农业农村部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站/上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海201403 [3]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第10期209-216,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目(2022-02-08-00-12-F01101);上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所揭榜挂帅项目(生科-JC 2023-1);上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划(沪农科卓[2022]008)。

摘　　要：探究不同供磷条件下蔬菜作物根系形态、根际生理属性和解磷微生物丰度的变化,有助于揭示蔬菜作物高效利用磷的机制,为高投入蔬菜种植体系实现减磷增效提供理论基础。以番茄为供试作物进行田间试验,设置T_(0)(不施化学磷肥)、T_(0.5P)(施磷量100 kg/hm~2;减施化学磷肥50%)、T_(0.8P)(施磷量160 kg/hm~2;减施化学磷肥20%)、T_(P)(施磷量200 kg/hm~2;常规施磷)4个处理,测定移栽后第15、30及45 d番茄地上部生物量和磷吸收以及根系形态(根长密度、比根长)、根际生理属性(有机酸含量)和土壤解磷微生物(pho D、pho C和pqq C)基因丰度,阐明降低磷肥施用量影响作物根系、微生物以及驱动番茄磷吸收的动态过程。与常规施肥相比,减施磷肥50%(施磷100 kg/hm~2)促进了移栽后45 d番茄根系比根长的增加,提高了移栽后45 d番茄根际有机酸的分泌,同时刺激了移栽后30和45 d土壤编码pho C和pqq C基因解磷微生物的增生。解磷微生物pho C和pqq C基因丰度与番茄根系比根长和根际有机酸的分泌呈显著正相关。减施磷肥20%(施磷160 kg/hm~2)与常规施肥相比,对番茄根系根长密度、比根长以及根际有机酸的分泌无显著影响,但显著促进了成熟期番茄地上部磷吸收。集约化蔬菜种植体系具有较大的减施磷肥的空间,最大化发挥植物根系形态、生理可塑性以及协同解磷微生物活化磷的能力是实现减磷增效的关键。Root morphological/exudation traits and growth of phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial in response to different levels of phosphorus fertilization are critical mechanisms for increasing phosphorus uptake efficiency of plants and saving fertilizer in intensive vegetable cropping system.Field experiment was conducted with Solanum lycopersicum(S.lycopersicum)with T_0(no phosphorus fertilizer),T_(0.5P)(100 kg/hm~2,reducing phosphorus fertilizer by 50%based on the conventional phosphorus application),T_(0.8P)(160 kg/hm~2,reducing phosphorus fertilizer by 20%based on the conventional phosphorus application)and T_P(200 kg/hm~2,the conventional phosphorus application).To elucidate mechanisms of phosphorus uptake under condition with reducing phosphorus fertilization,shoot biomass and phosphorus uptake as well as root morphological(root length density and specific length)and exudation traits(rhizosphere carboxylate content)of S.lycopersicum were measured at 15,30 and 45 d after crops transplanting.The abundance of soil phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial functional genes(pho D,pho C and pqq C)were also quantified.Compared with conventional phosphorus application,reducing 50%phosphorus fertilization increased root specific length,rhizosphere exudation of carboxylates and the abundance of microbes encoding pho C and pqq C genes at 30 and 45 d after S.lycopersicum transplanting.There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of pho C and pqq C genes in phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms and the specific root length and rhizosphere organic acid secretion of tomato roots.Reducing 20%phosphorus fertilization improved shoot phosphorus content of S.lycopersicum at maturity as compared with those with conventional phosphorus application.There was a high potential for reducing phosphorus fertilization in intensive vegetable cropping system.Maximizing the root morpho-physiological plasticity and stimulating growth of soil phosphate-solubilizing microbes are the most important processes for achieving high production

关 键 词：减磷增效 根系形态/生理特征 解磷微生物 蔬菜种植体系 作物磷营养 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]