1GF-2.4型膜上覆土机参数优化与试验  

Optimum design and experiment of 1GF-2.4 type membrane soil covering machine

作　　者：张惠 纪超[1,2] 宋泆飞 韩大龙 陈金成 Zhang Hui;Ji Chao;Song Yifei;Han Dalong;Chen Jincheng(Mechanical Equipment Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi,832000,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture,Shihezi,832000,China;Xinjiang Keshen Agricultural Equipment Science and Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Shihezi,832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,新疆石河子832000 [2]农业部西北农业装备重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆科神农业装备科技开发股份有限公司,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2023年第12期40-46,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目(2020AB011);兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划项目(2018CB010)。

摘　　要：为解决新疆地区番茄、辣椒等因膜上移栽后覆土量不足造成的烧苗、错位、畸形苗等问题,设计一种适用于作物苗期膜上作业的覆土机,介绍整机构成及作业参数,并阐明取土盘、绞龙螺旋覆土装置、调节机构等关键部件工作原理。通过理论计算及优化确定绞龙螺旋覆土装置的主要参数:绞龙轴直径42 mm,长度1 110 mm,幅宽1 500 mm;绞龙螺旋叶片间距340 mm、螺距170 mm、螺旋升角16°。以覆土装置转速、机具前进速度及开沟深度为试验因素,覆土合格率为试验指标,进行三因素五水平二次回归正交组合试验,建立覆土合格率数学回归模型,最终获得机具最优工作参数组合:绞龙转速为306 r/min,机具前进速度为2.6 km/h,开沟深度为10 cm。田间验证试验表明,1GF-2.4型膜上覆土机覆土合格率均值为92.6%,满足作业要求。In order to solve the problems of burning seedlings,dislocation and abnormal seedlings caused by insufficient amount of coated soil after transplanting tomato and pepper on plastic film in Xinjiang,a coated soil device was designed,namely 1GF-2.4 type membrane soil covering machine,which can realize the coated soil operation after crop emergence.The theoretical analysis and structural design of the key components such as the soil pick-up plate,the helicoid spiral filling device and the regulating mechanism were carried out.Through theoretical calculation and optimization,the main parameters of the soil device are determined:the diameter of the winch shaft is 42 mm,the length is 1 110 mm,and the width is 1 500 mm.The pitch of the twisted blade is 340 mm,the pitch is 170 mm,and the helix angle is 16°.Combined with the relevant operational performance requirements,the rotational speed of the soil covering device,the forward speed of the machine and the ditch depth were taken as the test factors,and the qualified rate of soil covering was taken as the test index.The quadratic regression orthogonal combination test of three factors and five levels was carried out,and the mathematical regression model of qualified rate of soil covering was established.The optimal working performance parameters of the machine were obtained as follows:Rotating speed 306 r/min,the forward speed of the machine is 2.6 km/h,and the ditching depth is 10 cm.The field verification test showed that the average qualified rate of coated soil on 1GF-2.4 membrane soil covering machine was 92.6% which met the operation requirements.

关 键 词：农业机械 正交试验 膜上覆土 绞龙螺旋覆土 参数优化 

分 类 号：S224.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]