日累积光照量与播种密度对番茄育苗质量的影响及能耗分析  

Effects of daily light integral and sowing density on seedling quality of tomato and its energy consumption analysis

作　　者：宋金修 于鹏澎 沈成 蔡玮 李闫祥 黄鑫 Song Jinxiu;Yu Pengpeng;Shen Cheng;Cai Wei;Li Yanxiang;Huang Xin(Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang,212013,China;College of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang,212013,China;Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学现代农业装备与技术教育部重点实验室,江苏镇江212013 [2]江苏大学农业工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [3]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2023年第12期143-150,F0003,共9页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：江苏省博士后科研资助计划(2020Z308);现代农业装备与技术教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(JNZ201909)。

摘　　要：为培育优质番茄壮苗、降低工厂化育苗能耗,以中杂9号番茄(Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)为材料,在可控环境条件下分别研究光照强度与光照时间、日累积光照量DLI与播种密度对番茄育苗质量的影响,并对育苗系统能耗进行分析。结果表明,随着DLI的增加,番茄幼苗的生物积累量、根冠比和壮苗指数均显著提高,但DLI为15.12 mol/(m^(2)·d)的番茄幼苗生物积累量与能耗量和DLI为12.96 mol/(m^(2)·d)的番茄幼苗没有显著性差异;在相同DLI处理下,随着播种密度的增大,番茄幼苗的茎粗、叶片数、叶面积、净光合速率和壮苗指数均逐渐降低,但D15.12-50K番茄幼苗的地上部鲜重、地上部干重、地下部鲜重、地下部干重以及总干重与D12.96-50K、D15.12-72K无显著性差异。因此,提高DLI可以在一定程度上减弱因播种密度过大引起的育苗质量不佳现象,同时提高番茄育苗的空间利用效率和光能利用效率。采用DLI为15.12 mol/(m^(2)·d)(即光照强度为300μmol/(m^(2)·s)、光照时间为14 h/d)、72孔穴盘较有助于培育番茄优质壮苗,同时降低育苗能耗量。In order to cultivate high-quality tomato seedlings and reduce the energy consumption of industrial seedling,tomato(Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)(cv.“Zhongza NO.9”) was used as the experimental material to study the effects of light intensity and light duration,the effects of DLI and sowing density on the seedling quality of tomato in a controlled environment,and energy consumption was also analyzed in this paper.The results indicated that the biomass accumulation,root-shoot ratio and healthy index of tomato seedlings were significantly increased with the increase of DLI,but there was no significant difference in biomass accumulation and energy consumption between tomato seedlings with DLI of 15.12 mol/(m^(2)·d) and 12.96 mol/(m^(2)·d).The stem diameter,leaf number,leaf area,net photosynthetic rate and healthy index of tomato seedlings with the same DLI treatment decreased gradually because of the increase of sowing density.However,there was no significant difference in shoot fresh weight,shoot dry weight,root fresh weight,root dry weight and total dry weight of tomato seedlings between D15.12-50K,D12.96-50K and D15.12-72K.Therefore,increasing DLI can reduce the poor seedling quality caused by excessive sowing density to a certain extent,and improve the spatial utilization efficiency and light utilization efficiency of tomato seedling.In summary,it can be believed that the DLI with 15.12 mol/(m^(2)·d)(the light intensity is 300 μmol/(m^(2)·s),and the light duration is 14 h/d) and the sowing density with 72 cell per plug tray is more conducive to cultivating high-quality tomato seedlings,and the energy consumption of seedlings can also be reduced at the same time.

关 键 词：植物工厂 日累积光照量 光能利用效率 壮苗指数 工厂化育苗 

分 类 号：S238[农业科学—农业机械化工程]