牛粪与玉米秸秆沼渣混合堆肥及其对环境影响研究  

Study on mixed compost of cow dung and corn stalk biogas residue and its impact on environment

作　　者：杨森[1] 佟敏 崔亚茹 王体朋[1] 史昌明 Yang Sen;Tong Min;Cui Yaru;Wang Tipeng;Shi Changming(National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Generation,North China Electric Power University,Beijing,102206,China;Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid East Inner Mongolia Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot,010020,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学新能源发电国家工程研究中心,北京市102206 [2]国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院,呼和浩特市010020

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2023年第12期168-173,共6页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目(5400-202031205A-0-0-00)。

摘　　要：为实现秸秆沼渣和畜禽粪便的高值化利用,研究牛粪与玉米秸秆沼渣混合堆肥的效果,并利用生命周期法分析混合堆肥的环境效益。对不同混合比例以及堆肥时间下堆体含水率、pH值、总碳、总氮、挥发性固体含量和电导率的分析结果发现,混合比例对堆体特性有显著影响,随着牛粪和玉米秸秆沼渣比例由2∶1增加到6∶1,堆体含水率明显增加,但是当比例超过4∶1时,混合堆肥对堆体含水率的影响逐渐降低。添加秸秆沼渣对堆体初期pH值的变化影响很大,且变化规律不明显,但是当发酵时间超过40天时,堆体的pH呈明显的降低趋势;增加牛粪的比例,有助于提高堆体腐熟后的pH值,随着牛粪添加比例由2∶1增加到6∶1,堆体的pH值由8.2提高到8.4,60天腐熟后堆体的总碳含量由35.34%增加到36.81%,挥发性固体的含量显著降低,由46.96%降低到37.66%,电导率由8.3 ms/cm增加到9.4 ms/cm。同时,牛粪和沼渣混合堆肥相较于直接排放显著降低堆肥底物中CO_(2)、CH_(4)、N_(2)O、NO_(X)、NH_(3)、SO_(2)、PO_(4)^(3-)等污染物的排放,表明混合堆肥对环境更加友好。In order to realize the high-value utilization of straw biogas residue and livestock manure,the effect of co-composting corn straw biogas residue and cow manure was studied,and the environmental benefits of mixed compost were analyzed by life cycle method.And the effects of different mixing ratios and composting time on the water content,pH value,total carbon,total nitrogen,volatile solid content and electrical conductivity of the pile were analyzed,the environmental benefits of co-composting was also calculated.The results showed that the mixing ratio had a significant effect on the characteristics of the heap.With the ratio of cow dung and corn stover biogas residue increased from 2∶1 to 6∶1,the moisture content of the heap increased significantly,but when the ratio exceeded 4∶1,the effect of mixed composting on the moisture content of the pile gradually decreased.The straw biogas residue had a great influence on the pH value of the pile at the initial stage,and the change rule was not obvious,but when the fermentation time exceeded 40 days,the pH of the pile body showed a significant decreasing trend;increasing the proportion of cow dung helped to increase the pH value of the pile after composting.With the addition ratio of cow manure increasing from 2∶1 to 6∶1,the pH value of the reactor increased from 8.2 to 8.4,the total carbon content of the reactor increased from 35.34% to 36.81% after 60 days of decomposition,the volatile solids content decreased significantly from 46.96% to 37.66%,and the electrical conductivity increased from 8.3 ms/cm to 9.4 ms/cm.At the same time,co-composting of cow manure and biogas residues significantly reduced the emissions of CO_2,CH_4,N_2O,NO_X,NH_3,SO_2,PO_4~(3-) and other pollutants in the compost substrate compared with direct emissions.

关 键 词：沼渣 牛粪 玉米秸秆 混合堆肥 生命周期评价 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]