儿童家庭厅成立背景下日本儿童福利政策的经验与启示  

Experience and Implications of Japan's Child Welfare Policies:A Study under the Background of the Establishment of the Children and Families Bureau

作　　者：覃诚 QIN Cheng(School of Economics,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi,530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学经济学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《现代日本经济》2023年第6期80-92,共13页Contemporary Economy OF Japan

摘　　要：2023年4月,日本儿童家庭厅成立标志着现阶段日本儿童福利政策进一步完善,已具有较为完备的法律与制度体系。在日本少子化现象加剧、民众对儿童成长环境持续关注、育儿多样化需求增加、婚育观念发生变化的背景下,当前以少子化应对政策、育儿家庭支援制度、儿童成长关爱政策为重要组成部分的儿童福利政策不断适应日本经济社会发展现状,贯穿儿童成长阶段的全过程,为日本育儿家庭提供针对性、专业性、多样化的支援政策,为日本儿童福利提供制度保障。中国现代儿童福利政策发展同日本起步时间相近,正处于由“补缺型”向“普惠型”发展理念转变,以及由关注特殊儿童群体向关注全部儿童整体发展模式转型的关键期,借鉴日本儿童福利政策发展过程和体系构建的先进经验,对完善我国儿童福利政策体系兼具理论与实践价值。In April 2023,the establishment of the Japanese Children and Families Bureau marked a sig-nificant milestone in the ongoing enhancement of Japan's child welfare policies,which have now developed a relatively comprehensive legal and institutional framework,Against the backdrop of Japan's declining birthrates,continued societal concern for the environment in which children grow up,increasing diversity in parenting needs,and changing attitudes towards marriage and childbirth,Japan's current child welfare policies include measures to address declining birth rates,support for parenting families,and policies pro-moting the well-being of children which serving as integral components,continuously adapt to the eco-nomic and social developments in Japan.These policies span the entire process of children's growth sta-ges.They provide targeted,professional,and diverse support for parenting families,offering institutional safeguards for the welfare of Japanese children.The development of Chinas modern child welfare policies began around the same time as Japan's and is currently undergoing a crucial period of transitioning from"residual welfare"to"universal welfare"development concept.Simultaneously,there is a shift from fo-cusing on special groups of children to an overall developmental model for all children.Drawing from the advanced experiences in the development and structure of Japan's child welfare policies holds both theoretical and practical value for enhancing China's child welfare policy system.

关 键 词：日本 儿童家庭厅 儿童福利政策 政策发展 实践价值 

分 类 号：F133.13[经济管理—世界经济]