高比重钨合金超声椭圆振动切削去除机理研究  

Study on Removal Mechanism of Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Cutting of Tungsten Heavy Alloy

作　　者：潘延安 鲍岩[1] 冯嘉健 殷森 董志刚[1] 康仁科[1] PAN Yanan;BAO Yan;FENG Jiajian;YIN Sen;DONG Zhigang;KANG Renke(State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学高性能精密制造全国重点实验室,大连116024

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2023年第21期65-74,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3402300);国家自然科学基金(52275411);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(DUT22ZD201);大连市高层次人才创新支持计划(2020RD02)资助项目。

摘　　要：高比重钨合金作为一种难加工金属材料,其应用范围一直受限于其超精密加工水平。超声椭圆振动切削技术在高比重钨合金超精密切削加工中极具应用前景,通过切削去除机理研究,可推动其在高比重钨合金超精密切削领域中的应用。因此,首先对超声椭圆振动切削轨迹进行分析,结合瞬时剪切角变化,建立了超声椭圆振动切削弯矩及切削力模型,并基于上述模型,通过与常规车削相对比,对超声椭圆振动切削特性进行分析。然后,采用单晶金刚石刀具,进行高比重钨合金超声椭圆振动划擦实验和切削实验,并通过SEM、白光共聚焦显微镜、X射线残余应力分析仪等设备对材料塑脆特性、切屑厚度、切削表面残余应力及切削表面加工损伤等进行检测与分析。理论分析与切削实验表明,与常规车削相比,超声椭圆振动切削下材料去除尺度由微米量级减小为纳米量级,高比重钨合金表现出更强的塑性;随着剪切角变化,超声椭圆振动切削在材料去除过程中,会产生更大的向下的分力,在切削表面留下更大的残余应力;超声椭圆振动切削下,切削方向与材料断裂方向更为一致,结合锋利的单晶金刚石刀具,有利于实现高比重钨合金超精密切削。As a difficult-to-machine metal material,the application range of tungsten heavy alloy has been limited by its ultra-precision processing level.Ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting technology has great application prospects in ultra-precision cutting of tungsten heavy alloy.Through the study of cutting removal mechanism,it can promote its application in the field of ultra-precision cutting of tungsten heavy alloy.Therefore,firstly,the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting trajectory is analyzed.Combined with the instantaneous shear angle change,the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting bending moment and cutting force model are established.Based on the above model,the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting characteristics are analyzed by comparing with conventional cutting.Then,the ultrasonic elliptical vibration scratching experiment and cutting experiment of tungsten heavy alloy are carried out by using single crystal diamond tool.The plastic embrittlement characteristics,chip thickness and residual stress of cutting surface are detected and analyzed by SEM,white light confocal microscope,X-ray residual stress analyzer and other equipment.Theoretical analysis and cutting experiments show that compared with conventional turning,the material removal scale under ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting is reduced from micron to nanometer,and the tungsten heavy alloy exhibits stronger plasticity.With the change of shear angle,ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting will produce greater downward force in the process of material removal,leaving greater residual stress on the cutting surface.Under ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting,the cutting direction is more consistent with the material fracture direction.Combined with the sharp single crystal diamond tool,it is beneficial to realize the ultra-precision cutting of tungsten heavy alloy.

关 键 词：高比重钨合金 超声椭圆振动切削 单晶金刚石刀具 切削弯矩 

分 类 号：TB559[理学—物理]