叶面喷施水溶性壳聚糖和硅肥对两种冬油菜镉吸收的影响  

Effects of foliar application of water-soluble chitosan and silicon fertilizers on cadmium uptake of two winter rapeseed cultivars

作　　者：焦玉字 夏存艳 何孟轲 胡健[5] 郑国砥[3,4] 杨俊兴 郭俊娒[6] 孟晓飞 JIAO Yuzi;XIA Cunyan;HE Mengke;HU Jian;ZHENG Guodi;YANG Jun-xing;GUO Junmei;MENG Xiaofei(Environmental Protection Research Park,Jiyuan 459001,Henan,China;College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Center for Environmental Remediation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;College of Environ-mental Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Jinzhong 030600,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]济源市汤帝路环保科研苑,河南济源459001 [2]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,环境修复中心,北京100101 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [6]太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第12期2836-2843,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2018YFC1802604,2019YFC1805805,2018YFC1800);国家自然科学基金项目(41771509,41907125)资助。

摘　　要：为探究硅肥(Si)和水溶性壳聚糖(WSC)对油菜镉(Cd)含量的影响,在河南省济源市某运行中的典型冶炼厂周边中低度Cd污染农田设置田间试验,选用2种规模化种植的冬油菜甘蓝型秦油1号(QY-1)和白菜型三月黄(SYH)为供试植物,研究叶面喷施Si和WSC对2种供试冬油菜生物量、不同部位Cd含量、生物富集系数的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,叶面喷施2种肥均能降低2种油菜籽粒和豆荚对Cd的吸收。叶面喷施Si和WSC后,QY-1籽粒中Cd含量分别下降8.80%~44.01%和15.01%~37.77%;SYH籽粒中Cd含量分别下降20.94%~32.42%和14.33%~28.65%。2种油菜籽粒和豆荚均在喷施2次Si肥的处理下,Cd含量达到最低,喷施一次WSC的处理次之。经叶面肥处理后,与SYH相比,QY-1的生物量更高,Cd富集能力更低,因此,QY-1更适合应用于轻中度Cd污染土壤的安全生产。综上所述,在我国典型冶炼厂周边中低度Cd污染农田采用低富集冬油菜品种结合喷施叶面肥可以初步实现污染土壤的安全利用。To explore the effects of silicon fertilizer(Si) and water-soluble chitosan(WSC) on the cadmium(Cd) content of rapeseed,a field experiment was set up in a cropland with a slight-moderate level of Cd pollution,around a typical operating smelter in Jiyuan City,Henan Province.We examined the effects of Si and WSC foliar fertilizations on biomass,Cd content,and bioconcentration coefficient of two large-scale planting cultivars of winter rapeseed(Brassica napus),Qinyou No.1(QY-1) and Sanyuehuang(SYH).The results showed that,compared with the control,spraying Si or WSC could reduce the Cd uptake by the grains and husks of the two tested rapeseeds.After foliar spraying of Si and WSC,the Cd content in QY-1 grains decreased by 8.80%-44.01% and 15.01%-37.77%,respectively;the Cd content in SYH grains decreased by 20.94%-32.42% and 14.33%-28.65%,respectively.The Cd contents of grains and husks of rapeseed reached the lowest level after spraying Si twice,and second lowest was the treatment with spraying WSC once.Compared with SYH,QY-1 had a higher biomass and lower Cd enrichment capacity after foliar fertilizations.Therefore,QY-1 is more suitable for the safe production in slightly to moderately Cd-contaminated soil.In conclusion,the low-Cd-accumulating rapeseed cultivar combined with agronomic measures of spraying foliar fertilizer can preliminarily realize the safe utilization of slightly or moderately Cd-contaminated soils surrounding the smelter.

关 键 词：冬油菜 镉 叶面肥 农田 安全利用 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S565.4[农业科学—作物学]