三叶草活覆盖对杂草、捕食性节肢动物和作物产量的影响  

Effects of clover living mulches on weed,predatory arthropod,and crop yield in maize and soybean production

作　　者：吕陇 张登奎[1] 王琦[1] 张晓娟 赵武成 王小赟 Erastus Mak-Mensah 崔循臻 周旭姣 赵晓乐 LYU Long;ZHANG Dengkui;WANG Qi;ZHANG Xiaojuan;ZHAO Wucheng;WANG Xiaoyun;Erastus MakMensah;CUI Xunzhen;ZHOU Xujiao;ZHAO Xiaole(College of Grassland Science,Gansu Agri-cultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Dingxi Hydraulic Science Research Institute,Dingxi 743000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省定西市水利科学研究所,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第12期2944-2952,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：甘肃农业大学“大学生科研训练计划(SRTP)”项目(202102041);国家自然科学基金项目(42061050)资助。

摘　　要：为探究我国半干旱区三叶草(Trifolium)活覆盖适宜种植模式,本研究采用完全随机设计,以无覆盖种植玉米(Zea mays)或大豆(Glycine max)为对照,研究三叶草活覆盖种植玉米+三叶草或大豆+三叶草对土壤水分、杂草密度和生物量、捕食性节肢动物密度、饲草及作物籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:与无覆盖种植玉米相比,三叶草活覆盖种植玉米的土壤贮水量、杂草密度和生物量分别降低6.6%~10.0%、2.6%~65.6%和26.8%~89.2%,捕食性节肢动物密度、饲草产量和玉米籽粒产量分别提高22.2%~100.0%、11.1%和5.7%;与无覆盖种植大豆相比,三叶草活覆盖种植大豆的土壤贮水量、杂草密度、生物量和大豆籽粒产量分别降低6.9%~21.9%、36.2%~65.2%、29.9%~62.4%和0.8%,捕食性节肢动物密度和饲草产量分别提高25.0%~250.0%和259.0%。三叶草活覆盖种植玉米或大豆显著降低土壤贮水量、杂草密度和生物量,显著提高田间捕食性节肢动物密度,对饲草产量和作物籽粒产量影响不显著。三叶草与大豆之间竞争高于三叶草与玉米之间竞争。三叶草活覆盖种植玉米更有益于维持农田生态系统多样性和保持作物产量,可作为我国半干旱地区可持续农业一种有效的活覆盖种植模式。To find the suitable planting mode of clover living mulches in semiarid regions in China,a field experiment was conducted in a completely random design.We explored the effects of clover living mulches on soil moisture,weed density and biomass,predatory arthropod density,and fodder and crop yield with no mulches as a control in maize and soybean production systems.Compared to no mulches in maize production,soil water storage,weed density and biomass under clover living mulches decreased by 6.6%-10.0%,2.6%-65.6%,and 26.8%-89.2%,respectively,while the predatory arthropod density,maize fodder yield,and crop yield under clover living mulches increased by 22.2%-100.0%,11.1%,and 5.7%,respectively.Compared to no mulches in soybean production,soil water storage,weed density and biomass,and soybean grain yield under clover living mulches decreased by 6.9%-21.9%,36.2%-65.2%,29.9%-62.4%,and 0.8%,respectively,while the predatory arthropod density and soybean fodder yield under clover living mulches increased by 25.0%-250.0%,and 259.0%,respectively.Clover living mulches significantly reduced soil water storage,weed density and biomass,and increased predatory arthropod density in maize and soybean production systems.However,clover living mulches did not affect fodder yield and grain yield of maize and soybean.The competition between clover and soybean was higher than that between clover and maize under clover living mulches.Therefore,clover living mulches were beneficial to maintaining cropland ecosystem diversity and crop yield in maize and soybean production.The clover living mulches in maize production can be used as an effective cultivation technology for sustainable agricultural production in semiarid regions in China.

关 键 词：生物多样性 可持续农业 竞争 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]