华南与花岗岩有关大规模钨锡成矿作用的时空分布、成矿模式及找矿方向  

Large-scale granite-related tungsten and tin mineralization in South China:Temporal and spatial distribution,metallogenic models and exploration implications

作　　者：倪培[1] 潘君屹 韩亮 崔健铭 高严 范明森 李文生 迟哲[1] 张凯涵 程郅麟 NI Pei;PAN Junyi;HAN Liang;CUI Jianming;GAO Yan;FAN Mingsen;LI Wensheng;CHI Zhe;ZHANG Kaihan;CHENG Zhilin(State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit Research,Institute of Geo-fluids,Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling,School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学地球科学与工程学院,南京大学内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室,地质流体研究所,关键地球物质循环前沿科学中心,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《地质学报》2023年第11期3497-3534,共38页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号92062220,41830426);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(编号2023300131)联合资助的成果。

摘　　要：华南是我国重要的钨锡成矿区。本文围绕华南与花岗岩有关的大规模钨锡成矿作用,系统收集了区内130余个主要矿床的地质和同位素年代学资料,初步总结了与花岗岩有关大规模钨锡矿床的主要类型和时空分布特征。统计结果表明,矽卡岩型和石英脉型是华南最重要的钨成矿类型,而矽卡岩型和锡石硫化物型(或碳酸盐岩交代型)是华南最主要的锡成矿类型。华南与花岗岩有关钨锡成矿作用具有多时代特点,但大规模成矿均集中于燕山期。以南岭和赣北成矿带为主要代表的钨成矿作用主要集中爆发于晚侏罗世至早白垩世早期(160~120Ma),而右江盆地晚白垩世(110~80 Ma,峰期为90~80 Ma)和南岭成矿带晚侏罗世(160~150 Ma)锡矿床则共同构成了华南最主要的锡成矿作用。多种不同矿化或金属类型在同一矿床或矿田尺度上组合产出是华南与花岗岩有关钨锡矿床的重要特征之一,对指导找矿具有重要意义。对此,文章结合华南地区近年来的一些重要成矿机制研究成果和找矿勘查进展,分别以瑶岗仙、川口、茅坪、柿竹园、大厂和个旧等矿床或矿田为例,论述了华南与花岗岩有关大规模钨锡成矿作用的几种成矿模式和找矿方向。此外,本文在钨、锡成矿花岗岩的岩石学、地球化学和矿物学特征基础上,总结花岗质岩浆热液体系熔体-流体化学组分特征,探索花岗岩钨、锡成矿潜力判别的熔体-流体包裹体指标,初步拓展与花岗岩有关钨、锡矿床的找矿指标体系。South China is the most important tungsten and tin metallogenic region in China.Centering on the large-scale granite-related tungsten and tin mineralization in South China,this paper preliminarily summarizes their main types and temporal-spatial distribution characteristics based on a systemic review of the updated information of deposit geology and isotopic chronological data of more than 130 major deposits.The results show that the skarn and quartz-vein types are the most important tungsten mineralization styles in South China,while skarn type and cassiterite-sulfide are the most important tin mineralization styles.Granite-related tungsten and tin mineralization in South China show multiple-aged characteristic,but the major mineralization of both tungsten and tin is formed in the Yanshanian period.The tungsten mineralization represented by the Nanling and Ganbei metallogenic belts mainly occurred from the Late Jurassic to the early stage of Early Cretaceous(160~120 Ma),while the most important tin mineralization in South China is composed of the Late Cretaceous(110~80 Ma,peak period 90~80 Ma)tin deposits in the Youjiang basin and the Late Jurassic(160~150 Ma)tin deposits in the Nanling metallogenic belt.An important feature of granite-related tungsten and tin deposits in South China is that a variety of different mineralization styles or metal assemblages occur in the same deposit or ore field,and an understanding of these features is of great significance for guiding ore exploration.In this regard,by taking Yaogangxian,Maoping-Taoxikeng,Shizhuyuan,Dachang and Gejiu as examples,this paper proposes several metallogenic models and prospecting directions for granite-related tungsten and tin mineralization in South China based on recent exploration progresses and metallogenic studies.In addition,on the basis of petrological and mineralogical characteristics of tungsten and tin granites,this paper summarizes the chemical characteristics of fluid and melt of granitic magmatic hydrothermal system and accordingly explo

关 键 词：华南 与花岗岩有关钨锡矿床 成矿类型 时空分布 成矿模式 找矿方向 找矿指标 

分 类 号：P618.44[天文地球—矿床学] P618.67[天文地球—地质学]