基于混合轴辐式网络的快递运输路径再设计  

Re-design of Express Transportation Route Based on Hybrid Hub-and-Spoke Network

作　　者：李悦 秦威 LI Yue;QIN Wei(Department of Industrial Engineering&Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学工业工程与管理系,上海200240

出　　处：《工业工程》2023年第6期93-100,共8页Industrial Engineering Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51775348)。

摘　　要：为了应对当前快递运输量分布的高度离散性和波动性,提出了轴辐式网络和连通式路径相结合的混合轴辐式运输网络,在充分利用已建成的快递网点的前提下,通过在非中心枢纽城市之间开通直达路径来有效降低转运成本。使用包含运输成本、装卸成本和持货成本的成本函数作为优化目标,构建了混合轴辐式快递运输网络的混合整数线性规划模型,开发了改进的遗传-退火算法进行求解:遗传算法求解转运中心位置和非中心城市的分配问题,模拟退火算法求解直发路径的开通问题。提出的模型和算法被应用于基于我国真实快递数据的30个快递仓点的测试算例,相较传统的轴辐式运输方式,平均降低网络总成本32.2%,启发式解与最优解的差距小于5%。此外,灵敏度分析表明,载重1 000 kg的卡车为再设计运输方案的最优交通工具,可以为当前采用轴辐式枢纽网络的快递公司在运输路径的改良问题上提供理论参考和实践证明。In order to cope with the highly decentralized and fluctuating distribution of express transportation volume,a hybrid hub-and-spoke transportation network combining a hub-and-spoke network and direct-connected routes is proposed.On the premise of making full use of the established express service nodes,direct routes are established between non-hub cities to effectively reduce transportation cost.A mixed integer linear programming(MILP)model for the hybrid hub-and-spoke express transportation network is built,with a cost function comprised of transportation cost,loading and unloading cost and holding cost as the optimization objective.A modified genetic simulated annealing algorithm is developed to solve the model:genetic algorithm determines the locations of hubs and the allocations of non-hub nodes,while simulated annealing algorithm solves the direct connections between non-hub nodes.The proposed model and algorithm are applied to a test case with 30 nodes based on real express data in China.Compared with the traditional hub-and-spoke mode,the average cost is reduced by 32.2%,and the gap between the heuristic solution and the optimal solution is less than 5%.In addition,sensitivity analysis shows that trucks with a capacity of 1000 kg are the optimal transportation modes for rede-signing transportation plans,which provides theoretical basis and practical reference for express companies that currently use hub-and-spoke networks to improve transportation routes.

关 键 词：物流工程 混合轴辐式网络 遗传-退火算法 快递运输 转运中心 连通式网络 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]