“为什么我们一定非要西化?”——林庚先生关于新诗的未刊谈话  

Why Do We Have to Westernize? Mr. Lin Geng's Unpublished Talk on New Poems

作　　者：马奔腾[1] 张锦芳 Ma Benteng;Zhang Jinfang

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)文史教研部,北京100091

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第6期23-41,220,共20页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：林庚先生晚年关于其新诗创作与新格律诗理论曾有过两次谈话。第一次谈话重点谈其新诗创作与新格律诗理论形成的关系。他先有新诗创作,后来在创作实践的基础上形成了新格律诗理论。在这个过程中,他反省了自己和其他人自由体新诗创作的经验与教训,反对新诗创作的全盘西化,并致力于新格律诗典型诗行的建设。他尝试过八言诗、九言诗、十言诗、十一言诗,发现了“半逗律”,认为九言新格律诗是符合时代语言特点的新诗最佳体式,平仄问题当前并不重要。第二次谈话侧重谈中国诗歌的语言特点及其九言诗理论的形成过程。林庚先生作为古典文学研究大家,对汉语的特质有深刻把握,而语言和形式又是形成新诗阵地和新诗理论的核心。他强调“半逗律”的重要性,并伴随新格律诗创作逐渐形成了“五四体”九言诗理论。林庚先生的两次谈话还披露了他和闻一多、戴望舒、陈梦家等人交往的轶事,是珍贵的文学史料。林庚的新诗创作及新格律诗理论的形成,正是将中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展的成功典范。This article presents two talks by Professor Lin Geng on his new poem composition and his theory of new metrical poems. The first talk focuses on the relationship between his new poem composition and the formation of his theory of new metrical poems. He first composed new poems, and later formed the theory of new metrical poems on the basis of his writing practice. In the process, he reflected on his own and others' experience and lessons in composing free verses, and devoted himself to the construction of typical stanzas of new metrical poems. He tried eight-character poems, nine-character poems, ten-character poems, eleven-character poems, and finally discovered a “semi-pause law”. He also believed nine-character new metrical poem was the best form for new poems that conformed to the linguistic characteristics of the times, and the issue of tonal pattern was not important at present. The second talk focuses on the linguistic characteristics of Chinese poems and the formation process of the theory of nine-character poems. As a master of classical literature research, Lin Geng had a deep grasp of the qualities of Chinese language, meanwhile language and form were the core of the formation of the new poetic positions and the new poetic theories. He emphasized the importance of the “ semi-pause law”, and along with the composition of new metrical poems, he gradually formed the theory of “five-four form” nine-character poems. Lin's two talks also reveal anecdotes about his interactions with Wen Yiduo, Dai Wangshu, and Chen Mengjia. Lin Geng's creation of new poems and the formation of the theory of new metrical poem are successful stories of the creative transformation and innovative development of the excellent traditional Chinese culture.

关 键 词：林庚 新诗 半逗律 九言诗 音组 格律诗 

分 类 号：I207.25[文学—中国文学]