庚子赔款中的镑亏问题研究  

Research on the Problem of Pound Loss in Boxer Indemnity

作　　者：兰日旭[1] 吴轩 韩晓璇 Lan Rixu;Wu Xuan;Han Xiaoxuan

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院,北京100012 [2]贵州大学经济学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第6期176-194,225,共20页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“国家治理视角下传统中国货币与财政关系研究(1368—1911)”(20&ZD064)。

摘　　要：镑亏是近代中国以外币为计价单位的债务在偿付过程中,由于制度性因素和人为操纵造成的亏损数额,庚子赔款镑亏是其中最多的一项。1902年—1935年,庚子赔款镑亏总额估算达7300余万海关两,1935年法币改革后庚子赔款镑亏渐趋消失。如此巨额且难以预期的庚子赔款镑亏,对近代中国产生了双重影响,直接影响主要是清末银钱比价的升高和上海金融市场中银拆每月末的“周期性”波动,后受赔款偿付方式及货币体系的变化,此影响渐趋消除;间接影响主要是引起货币改革争论,传播货币理论和推动近代中国货币制度变革,同时,在解决庚子赔款镑亏问题时,意外触发的庚子赔款“退”款推进了中国近代教育事业的发展。Pound loss is the amount of loss incurred during the repayment process of debts denominated in foreign currency in modern China, which was caused by institutional factors and human manipulation. Pound loss of the Boxer Indemnity is the largest among them. From 1902 to 1935, Pound loss of the Boxer Indemnity was over 73 million customs tael, after the Fabi reform in 1935, Pound loss of the Boxer Indemnity gradually disappeared. Such a huge and unpredictable pound loss of the Boxer Indemnity had a double impact on modern China. The direct impacts were the increasing price ratio of silver and copper cash and the “periodic” fluctuation of the Interbank Offered Rate at the end of each month in the Shanghai financial market in the late Qing Dynasty. Hereafter, due to the changes in payment methods and the monetary system, these direct impacts gradually disappeared. The indirect impacts mainly caused debates on monetary reforms, disseminating monetary theory and promoting the reform of monetary system in modern China. In solving the problem of pound loss of the Boxer Indemnity, the Qing government accidentally triggered the “ refund” of Boxer's Indemnity, which promoted the development of modern education in China.

关 键 词：庚子赔款 镑亏 银钱比价 银拆 货币改革 庚款兴学 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] F822.9[历史地理—中国史]