载人航天器热排散方式分析  

Analysis of thermal emission modes in manned spacecraft

作　　者：齐岳 许耀午 马邝 王鹏程 段加林 张耀光 QI Yue;XU Yaowu;MA Kuang;WANG Pengcheng;DUAN Jialin;ZHANG Yaoguang(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;China Manned Space Agency,Beijing 100071,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [2]中国载人航天工程办公室,北京100071

出　　处：《航天器环境工程》2023年第6期617-621,共5页Spacecraft Environment Engineering

摘　　要：为优选载人航天器热排散方式,对比分析了空间深冷环境、月面赤道附近清晨和月面赤道附近月午3种热环境下,使用水升华器、辐射器和辐射器+热泵3种热排散方案的效果与系统代价。结果表明:短期任务使用水升华器质量代价较小;热泵可以显著提高辐射器散热能力,且提升效果随太阳高度角上升而增加;但使用热泵能耗较大。因此,需根据任务规模、周期和航天器供电能力对热排散方案的选用进行综合评估。To evaluate the thermal emission modes in manned spacecraft,the effectiveness and system cost of using three thermal emission modes of water sublimator,radiator,and both radiator and heat pump were compared and analyzed in three environments involving deep cold space,early morning near the equator of the moon,and midday near the equator of the moon.The following conclusions are obtained:the thermal emission mode of water sublimator is weight-saving in short-term missions;thermal emission capacity of the radiator can be improved significantly by using heat pump,and the improvement effect increases with the solar zenith angle;using heat pump costs greater energy consumption.Therefore,the selection of thermal emission mode requires a comprehensive evaluation according to mission scale,duty cycle,and power supply capacity of spacecraft.

关 键 词：散热方式 热环境 水升华器 辐射器 热泵 

分 类 号：V448.22[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]