大棚青菜“1年多茬”绿色高效栽培技术  

Green and High-efficient Cultivation Technology of Chinese Cabbage(Brassica chinesis)for Multiple Rotation in One Year in Greenhouse

作　　者：宇军 王忠娣 叶渭涛 张明科[2] YU Jun;WANG Zhongdi;YE Weitao;ZHANG Mingke(Xingping Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Xingping 713100,China;College of Horticulture of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]兴平市农技推广中心,陕西兴平713100 [2]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《蔬菜》2024年第1期77-81,共5页Vegetables

基　　金：2022年咸阳市秦创原科技创新专项项目(L2022QCYZXNY001)。

摘　　要：为了充分利用现代农业设施的有利条件,提高陕西关中地区大棚叶菜复种指数,增加菜农种植效益,经过连续多年的实地走访调研,总结提出了大棚青菜“1年多茬”绿色高效栽培技术。通过建造适宜设施、合理安排茬口、改良棚土、改良灌溉方式等措施,以及改善土壤的微生物菌群,提高土壤的团粒结构和有机质含量,配合优良品种的选择应用、科学的田间管理、病虫害绿色防治及适时采收等技术措施,实现了1年种植6~7茬,化肥和农药用量分别减少20%,用药次数减少30%,单茬平均667 m^(2)产量达到1 380~1 730 kg,667 m^(2)单茬产值0.8万~1.0万元,667 m^(2)年产值5.7万~7.0万元。在满足当地蔬菜市场供应的同时,提高了菜农的种植效益。In order to make full use of the favorable conditions of modern agricultural facilities,improve the multiple planting index of leaf vegetables in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province and increase the planting efficiency of vegetable farmers,after many years of field visits and investigations,the green and efficient cultivation technology of Chinese cabbage for multiple rotation in one year was summarized and put forward.By building appropriate facilities,reasonable arranging rotation,improving the quality of soil,changing irrigation methods and improving the soil microbial flora,improving the soil grain structure and content of organic matter,the selection and application of excellent cultivars,scientific field management,green control of diseases and pests,timely harvesting and other technological measures,it could achieve 6-7 crops rotation in one year.The amount of fertilizers,pesticides both reduced by 20%,and the number of applying pesticides reduced by 30%.The average yield of single stubble reached 1380-1730 kg per 667 m^(2),the output value was 8000-10000 yuan per 667 m^(2),and the annual output value was 57000-60000 yuan per 667 m^(2).This mode not only met the local vegetable market supply,but also greatly improved the planting efficiency of vegetable farmers.

关 键 词：大棚 青菜 多茬 高效 栽培 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]