密斯·凡·德·罗和“最低限度住宅”  

Mies van der Rohe and the Minimal Housing

作　　者：熊庠楠 XIONG Xiangnan

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学设计学院建筑学系

出　　处：《建筑史学刊》2023年第4期71-76,共6页Journal of Architectural History

摘　　要：探讨20世纪20年代晚期德国大力建设社会福利住房的背景下,建筑师路德维希·密斯·凡·德·罗对住房问题的核心立场。面对第一次世界大战后德国住房短缺的紧迫问题,现代建筑师提出了“最低限度住宅”的概念,并在“新法兰克福”社会住房项目中实践。而密斯反对“最低限度住宅”理念。在社会学家赫尔穆特·普莱斯纳和建筑师西格弗里德·埃贝林等人的思想影响下,他坚持艺术关怀位于建筑价值排序的首位,并强调住宅的首要价值是维护、支持人们内心世界的发展。通过梳理“最低限度住宅”概念的发展和应用,揭示其内在结构中经济效率和文化价值的动态博弈。同时交叉分析密斯的写作和阅读,展现其对现代住房空间的思考,更细腻、深入地探讨密斯的建筑理论发展,并揭示出现代主义建筑在其发展初期作为社会干预手段和作为精神文化追求两条道路之间的冲突张力。This paper delves into the architectural principles of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe concerning housing during the late 1920s,a period marked by Germany’s intense focus on social welfare housing construction following World War I.While many German modern architects advocated for“minimum housing”as a solution to housing shortages,Mies took a dissenting stance.Drawing influence from the sociologist Helmuth Plessner and architect Siegfried Ebeling,among others,Mies argued that artistic value should occupy the highest position in the hierarchy of architectural values.He emphasized that housing’s primary purpose should nurture and facilitate the inner development of its occupants.By scrutinizing the evolution and application of the“minimum housing”concept,this paper uncovers the intricate interplay between economic efficiency and cultural significance embedded within its framework.Through a comprehensive analysis of Mies’s writings and intellectual influences,it elucidates Mies’s distinctive perspective on modern domestic spaces and contributes to a more nuanced understanding of his architectural theory.Furthermore,it highlights the tensions inherent in modernist architecture,which oscillates between serving as a tool for social intervention and a vehicle for cultural enrichment.

关 键 词：路德维希·密斯·凡·德·罗 最低限度住宅 新法兰克福 赫尔穆特·普莱斯纳 西格弗里德·埃贝林 

分 类 号：TU-09[建筑科学—建筑理论]