3~8岁儿童站立姿势控制的干扰效应  

Characteristics of Interference Effects on Postural Control in Children Aged 3~8

作　　者：赵盼超 田佳鑫 纪仲秋[3] 姜桂萍[3] 吴升扣 ZHAO Panchao;TIAN Jiaxin;JI Zhongqiu;JIANG Guiping;WU Shengkou(Department of Physical Education,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Department of Physical Education,Cangzhou Normal University,Cangzhou,Hebei 061001,China;College of P.E.and Sports,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Department of physical education,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China.)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)体育部,北京100083 [2]沧州师范学院体育部,河北沧州061001 [3]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875 [4]中国人民大学体育部,北京100872

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2023年第6期616-625,共10页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金(23YJC890056);中央高校基本科研经费(2-9-2022-047);北京市教育科学规划重点课题(CEAA2020046)。

摘　　要：目的:利用运动生物力学方法研究内外部干扰范式对3~8岁儿童站立姿势控制的影响,旨在揭示儿童早期静态站姿稳定性的干扰效应和年龄特征,充实姿势控制研究的理论内容与框架。方法:共纳入受试者182人。运用Kistler测力台采集压力中心(center of pressure,COP)数据;运用BTS表面肌电测试系统采集肌电数据。设置内部干扰(快速举臂范式)和外部干扰(落球试验)范式进行研究,在不同干扰范式下,分别采用闭眼、振动脚踝及同时闭眼和振动脚踝的测试方式分别代表视觉、本体感觉和前庭觉为主导的感官条件;采用重复测量方差分析法比较不同感官条件和年龄对姿势控制的影响。结果:1)在内部干扰下,闭眼振动的COP位移大于其他3种感官条件(p<0.05);随年龄增长,三角肌、肱三头肌、腹肌和竖脊肌的预期性姿势调节(anticipatory postural adjustments,APAs)强度呈线性增大趋势。2)在外部干扰范式下,闭眼条件下的COP位移出现最大值(p<0.05);随年龄增长,腹肌和外侧腓肠肌的APAs强度呈线性增大趋势。结论:3~8岁儿童的姿势控制能力受到不同干扰条件和年龄的影响;前庭觉对内部干扰的作用较大,而本体感觉的作用较小,在内部干扰下,姿势稳定需要动作肌和姿势肌的共同调节;视觉对外部干扰的作用较大,而前庭觉的作用较小;在外部干扰下,仅采用姿势肌进行姿势稳定调节,二者的内在肌肉调控方式出现差异;随年龄增长,姿势控制特征出现非线性上升的发展趋势,外部干扰范式下出现较成熟的肌肉预期和补偿调节模式。Objective:Sports biomechanics methods was used to study the impact of internal and external inte-rference paradigms on standing postural control in children aged 3-8,with the aim of revealing the interference effects and age characteristics of early static standing postural stability in children,and enriching the theoretical content and framework of postural control research.Methods:A total of 182 subjects were included.Kistler force platform was used to collect center of pressure(COP)data.BTS surface electromyographic testing system was used to collect electromyographic data.Internal interference(bilateral shoulder flexion test)and external interference(ball drop test)paradigms were conducted for the research.Eyes-closed represent sensory informati -on dominated by vision, ankles-vibrated represent sensory information dominated by proprioception, eyes-closed and ankles-vibrated simultaneously represent sensory information dominated by vestibular. The Repeated Measurement ANOVA(RMANOVA) was used to compare postural control characteristics under differ-ent interference conditions and age. Results: 1) Under internal interference, the COP displacement of standing with eye-closed-vibration was the higher than other sensory conditions(p<0.05);The APAs intensity of deltoid, triceps brachii, abdominal and erector spinal increased linearly with age. 2) Under the external interference, the COP displacement under eye-closed conditions was significant (p<0.05);The APAs intensity of abdominal and gastrocnemius increased linearly with age (p<0.05). Conclusion: The postural control ability of children aged 3-8 is influenced by different interference conditions and age. The vestibular has a greater impact on inter-nal interference, while the proprioceptive has a smaller effect. Under internal interference, postural stability requires the action motor and postural muscles. Vision has a greater impact on external interference, while vestibular has a smaller impact. Under external interference, only postural muscles are used for p

关 键 词：儿童早期 站立 姿势控制 干扰效应 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]