养殖密度对黑鲷幼鱼生理指标和抗应激能力的影响  

Effects of stock density on physiological indexes and stress resistance of juvenile Acanthopagrus schlegelii

作　　者：孙鹏[1,2] 姜亚洲[2] 周永东[1] 徐开达[1] SUN Peng;JIANG Yazhou;ZHOU Yongdong;XU Kaida(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province,Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province,Zhoushan Zhejiang 316021,Chin;Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江舟山316021 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2023年第6期710-718,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室开放课题(2020KF003);浙江省重点研发项目(2021C02047);国家自然科学基金项目(32273139);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303047)。

摘　　要：为探讨养殖密度对黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)幼鱼生理指标和抗应激能力的影响,分析了4种养殖密度:0.164 kg·m^(-3)(A组)、0.328 kg·m^(-3)(B组,对照组,近似实践中苗种养殖密度)、0.492 kg·m^(-3)(C组)和0.656 kg·m^(-3)(D组)条件下黑鲷的生长、存活和应激相关指标变化,并通过运输操作检验了应激状态下各组黑鲷的适应差异。结果显示,经过60 d的实验,各密度组黑鲷生长和存活存在差异,其中A组黑鲷终末全长、体质量、增重率和存活率等均显著高于C、D两个高密度组(P<0.05)。生理生化分析显示,各组黑鲷皮质醇含量与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但C、D组皮质醇含量显著高于A组(P<0.05);C、D两组黑鲷体内葡萄糖含量较A、B两组显著升高,乳酸含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶活力与对照组相比显著升高,而A组黑鲷丙二醛(MDA)含量较对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。运输后,A组黑鲷皮质醇含量在2 h时显著升高(P<0.05),之后又快速回落,而C、D高密度组的皮质醇一直处于较高水平。C、D两组黑鲷体内葡萄糖含量在运输后变化基本不显著,乳酸含量在运输48 h时D组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);低密度A组黑鲷体内葡萄糖含量变化较大。此外,C、D组SOD活力较运输前显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,养殖密度不仅影响黑鲷的生长,还可通过影响鱼体能量代谢、抗氧化和免疫能力进而影响其健康状况。适当降低养殖密度可减少黑鲷养殖过程中的应激反应,提升群体的抗应激能力,从而提升其放流后苗种在自然水体中的适应力和放流效果。Stocking density is one of the major factors in aquaculture that may influence the growth,health,and production of cultured fish.Studies on the physiological regulation and stress resistance of fish under different stock densities will not only improve farming conditions and the efficiency of aquaculture,but also increase the survival rate of released populations in wild environment.Acanthopagrus schlegelii is a commercially important marine fish species with wide distribution in the southeast coast of China.In recent years resources of A.schlegelii have declined sharply.Stock enhancement and releasing of A.schlegelii has become an important way to restore its wild resource.However,a large number of release practices have not achieved the expected effect.How to improve the environmental adaptability of released populations is of great significance to promote the survival ability of fish after release.Growth rate,survival rate,and important physiological parameters related to stress response in juvenile A.schlegelii were analyzed after culture under different densities and simulated transportation operation to understand physiological responses of A.schlegelii under different stock densities and investigate differences in the adaptive response of A.schlegelii populations after stress.In total,four density groups A,B,C and D(corresponding to 0.164 kg·m^(-3)),0.328 kg·m^(-3)),0.492 kg·m^(-3))and 0.656 kg·m^(-3)),respectively;group B was close to the stock density in practice and was set as the control group)were set and each density was tested in triplicate.The experimental fishes were sampled at 60 d after culture,and at 2,24,48 h after simulated release treatment.After 60 d of experiment,there were differences in the growth and survival of A.schlegelii in each density group,and the final whole length,final body weight,weight gain rate and survival rate in the lowest density group(group A)were significantly higher than those in the high-density groups(group C and D).Analysis of physiological indicators showed t

关 键 词：黑鲷 养殖密度 应激反应 运输胁迫 增殖放流 

分 类 号：S961[农业科学—水产养殖]