2020-2021年东海沿岸主要市售贝类毒素污染监测与分析  

Contamination analysis of shellfish toxins in main commercial shellfish of the East China Sea coast during 2020—2021

作　　者：陆亚男[1] 田晓清[1] 康伟[1] 汤云瑜 张海燕[1] 李崇彬 陈莎 樊成奇[1] LU Yanan;TIAN Xiaoqing;KANG Wei;TANG Yunyu;ZHANG Haiyan;LI Chongbin;CHEN Sha;FAN Chengqi(Key Laboratory of East China Sea&Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,农业农村部东海与长江口渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2023年第6期737-748,共12页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：科技部基础资源调查专项(2018FY100200);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2601305);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2020TD68);国家自然科学基金(32273140)。

摘　　要：为了解东海区市售贝类贝毒污染情况的现状,对贝毒污染的时间和空间规律进行分析,2020年9月—2021年11月(2020年秋季、2021年春季和秋季),选择东海北部、中部和南部3个区域的9个地点,采集当地市售贝类样品,采用LC-MS/MS方法对样品进行了13种麻痹性贝类毒素(STX、NEO、dcSTX、GTX2、GTX3、GTX1、GTX4、GTX5、C1、C2、dcGTX2、dcGTX3和dcNEO)、10种脂溶性贝类毒素(OA、DTX1、DTX2、PTX2、YTX、SPX1、GYM、AZA1、AZA2和AZA3)和软骨藻酸毒素(DA)的检测。结果表明,东海海域市售贝类毒素检出率为42.03%,其中,扇贝、贻贝和牡蛎的毒素检出率较高。检出毒素的类型包括麻痹性贝类毒素(GTX1、GTX2、GTX4、GTX5、dcGTX2和dcGTX3)、脂溶性贝类毒素(环亚胺类毒素GYM和SPX1,以及原多甲藻酸毒素AZA1)和DA,检出率依次为13.04%、34.78%、2.90%。东海南部贝类样品的毒素检出率最高(54.55%),东海北部贝类样品的毒素检出率(38.89%)和东海中部(34.48%)差别不大,但检测出的毒素类型较少。除DA毒素只在秋季样品中检测出外,无论是麻痹性贝类毒素还是脂溶性贝类毒素,其在春季样品中的检出率、毒素类型和毒素含量均相对较高。麻痹性贝类毒素污染风险主要发生在春季;脂溶性贝类毒素污染风险在春季和秋季均存在,但春季风险相对较高。所有样品中麻痹性贝类毒素含量均未超过国家贝类食品中麻痹性贝类毒素安全限量标准,脂溶性贝类毒素和DA的含量也未超过欧盟关于食品中脂溶性贝类毒素的安全限量标准,因此东海海域贝类产品整体安全性较好。建议重点加强对春季东海区市售贝类毒素的安全监测,尽快制定脂溶性贝类毒素安全限量国家标准。To understand the contamination status of shellfish toxins in main commercial shellfish in the East China Sea(ECS)coast,summarize and analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of shellfish poisoning,from September 2020 to November 2021,shellfish samples were collected from 9 selected locations in the northern,central and southern of ECS,respectively.Samples were detected to learn the contents of 13 kinds of paralytic shellfish toxins,10 kinds of lipophilic shellfish toxins and DA.The results showed that commercial shellfish in ECS were contaminated by various shellfish toxins.The detection rate of toxins was 42.03%,while scallops,mussels and oyster showed higher detection rate compared with other shellfish species.Toxin types included multiple PSTs(GTX1,GTX2,GTX4,GTX5,dcGTX2,and dcGTX3),LSTs(cyclic imine toxins GYM and SPX1,and azaspiracid AZA1),and dominic acid(DA),with the detection rates of 13.04%,34.78%and 2.90%,respectively.The distribution of toxins showed obvious regional and seasonal characteristics.Shellfish samples from the southern ECS showed higher detection rate of toxins(54.55%).The detection rate in samples from northern ECS(38.89%)was similar to those from central ECS(34.48%),but the toxin types were only PSTs and CIs.For PSTs,the detection rate of samples collected in spring reached 28.00%whereas the detection rate of samples in autumn was only 4.55%;toxin dcGTX3 showed the highest detection rate of 5.80%,while dcGTX2 was only detected from one sample with the detection rate of 1.45%;the detection rate of samples from northern ECS(16.67%)was higher than those from central ECS(10.34%)and southern ECS(13.64%);the toxin types in southern ECS(GTX5,dcGTX2 and dcGTX3)were different from types in northern and central ECS(GTX1,GTX2,GTX4 and dcGTX3).LSTs were detected from both spring and autumn samples with the detection rate of 44.00%and 29.55%,respectively,but the highest content were from samples in spring.LSTs detection rate of samples from southern ECS(54.55%)was much higher than those of northern E

关 键 词：贝类毒素 东海 麻痹性贝类毒素(PSTs) 脂溶性贝类毒素(LSTs) 

分 类 号：S944[农业科学—水产养殖]