季节性氮磷配施提升环湖寒生羊茅生产性能  

Seasonal nitrogen and phosphorus co-application enhances productivity of Festuca kryloviana cv.Huanhu

作　　者：石正海 刘文辉[1] 张永超 秦燕 米文博 罗峰 刘曼 起惠芳 SHI Zheng-hai;LIU Wen-hui;ZHANG Yong-chao;QIN Yan;MI Wen-bo;LUO Feng;LIU Man;QI Hui-fang(Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第1期149-158,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室(2023);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-34);“昆仑英才乡村振兴人才”专项农业农村科技攻关团队资助。

摘　　要：为明确秋收后施肥对翌年环湖寒生羊茅生产性能的影响,本研究于2018-2019年以5龄环湖寒生羊茅为试验材料,对比秋季施肥和春季施肥下环湖寒生羊茅的饲草和种子生产性能及肥料利用效率。试验设置0(N_(0))和60(N_(60))kg·hm^(-2)2个施氮水平,0(P_(0))、60(P_(60))、75(P_(75))和90(P_(90))kg·hm^(-2)4个施磷水平,共计8个处理组合。测定株高、茎粗、生殖枝数、地上生物量和种子产量等农艺性状。结果表明:1)秋季和春季施氮肥均可提高环湖寒生羊茅地上生物量和种子产量,增幅分别在62.79%和12.58%以上。但秋季施肥具有刺激生殖枝数进而保持种子生产的优势,春季施肥有促进饲草生产的优势。秋季施氮较春季提升种子产量的增幅为37.38%~73.99%。春季施氮较秋季提升地上生物量的增幅为6.47%~51.19%。2)氮肥是促进5龄环湖寒生羊茅生产性能的主要肥料。施氮对株高、生殖枝数、地上生物量和种子产量的提升幅度分别为20.24%、19.10%、133.94%和89.66%。单施磷肥可降低株高和生殖枝数,降幅分别为3.12%和3.79%。由于氮肥和磷肥对种子生产的协同作用,种子产量较大值出现在N_(60)P_(75)水平,在秋季施肥时高达233.19 kg·hm^(-2)。3)对地上生物量和种子产量的肥料利用效率分析发现,磷肥的偏生产力和农学效率不存在施肥季节差异(P>0.05)。氮肥的偏生产力和农学效率对种子产量的影响表现为秋季施肥分别是春季施肥的1.37和2.74倍以上。在施肥量方面发现无论春季还是秋季施肥,在仅施氮处理有最大的肥料偏生产力和农学效率。在同一施氮水平,随施磷量增加肥料利用效率呈下降趋势。4)生殖枝数与种子产量间相关性系数均保持在0.809(P<0.01)以上,通过线性方程能较好拟合生殖枝数与种子产量、种子产量与地上生物量和株高与地上生物量之间的关系。综合地上生物量和种子产量的生产性能及肥料利In order to clarify the effects of post-harvest fertilization on the herbage yield of Festuca kryloviana cv.Huanhu in the following year,this research investigated the forage and seed yields and fertilizer utilization efficiency of 5-year-old F.kryloviana cv.Huanhu under autumn and spring fertilization in 2018-2019.The experiment included eight treatment combinations with two nitrogen levels(0 and 60 kg·ha-1,designated N0 and N_(60))and four phosphorus levels(0,60,75,90 kg·ha-1,designated P0,P_(60),P_(75),and P_(90),respectively).Agronomic traits,including plant height,stem diameter,the number of reproductive shoot,aboveground biomass and seed yield were measured.It was found that:1)Nitrogen fertilizer application in both autumn and spring increased the aboveground biomass and seed yield,with increases of over 62.79%and 12.58%,respectively.However,autumn fertilization tended to stimulate the reproductive shoot and maintain seed production,while spring fertilization tended to promote herbage accumulation.Nitrogen application in autumn increased the seed yield by 37.38%-73.99%,compared to spring application.Nitrogen application in spring compared to autumn increased the aboveground biomass by 6.47%-51.19%.2)Nitrogen fertilizer promoted production of 5-year-old F.kryloviana cv.Huanhu more than P fertilizer.The increase in plant height,number of reproductive shoots,aboveground biomass,and seed yield due to nitrogen application was 20.24%,19.10%,133.94%,and 89.66%,respectively.Single phosphorus fertilizer application decreased plant height and number of reproductive shoots by 3.12%and 3.79%,respectively.Due to the synergistic effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on seed production,the highest seed yield(233.19 kg·ha^(-1))occurred at the N_(60)P_(75) treatment,under autumn fertilization.3)Analysis of fertilizer utilization efficiency for aboveground biomass and seed yield showed that there was no seasonal difference in partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer(P>0.05).The

关 键 词：施肥季节 高寒地区 农艺性状 肥料利用效率 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]