杨叶枯病病原菌生物学特性、防治药剂筛选及杨树抗病性评价  

Biological Characteristics of Pathogenic Bacteria and Screening of Control Fungicides of Leaf Blight as Well as Evaluation of Poplar Disease Resistance

作　　者：冯连荣[1] 矫丽曼 张妍 王乃锐 王诗琦 彭儒胜 宋立志 池玉杰[1] Feng Lianrong;Jiao Liman;Zhang Yan;Wang Nairui;Wang Shiqi;Peng Rusheng;Song Lizhi;Chi Yujie(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China;Liaoning Provincial Institute of Poplar;Northeast Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040 [2]辽宁省杨树研究所

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2024年第1期103-109,共7页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2021-MS-052);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2023MS0504)。

摘　　要：为防治杨树叶枯病,利用单因素试验,对中荷64杨(P.×euramericana cv.‘N3016’)上分离获得的链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)进行了生物学特性及室内防治药剂筛选研究,并开展了不同品种杨树抗叶枯病综合评价。结果表明:链格孢菌菌丝生长的适宜培养基为马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基,适宜碳源为玉米粉,适宜氮源为酵母提取物,适宜培养温度范围为25~30℃,适宜pH为8,光照条件对菌丝生长影响不大,致死温度为52℃。采用生长速率法进行室内防治药剂筛选,结果显示,选用的5种生物制剂防治效果优于2种化学药剂,各药剂抑制作用排序从大到小依次为哈茨木霉(3亿菌落/g)、枯草芽孢杆菌(100亿芽孢/g)、质量分数为10%的多抗霉素、质量分数为3%的中生菌素、质量分数为2%的宁南霉素、质量分数为50%的多菌灵、质量分数为75%的百菌清,将哈茨木霉(3亿菌落/g)和枯草芽孢杆菌(100亿芽孢/g)作为防治链格孢菌的适宜药剂。选用7个黑杨派品种杨树,利用模糊数学隶属度函数法,开展了杨树抗叶枯病综合评价,确定中荷64杨为高感品种,中辽1号杨和欧美杨177为中感品种,渤丰1号杨、渤丰3号杨、辽育3号杨和欧美杨111为高抗品种。In order to prevent and control leaf blight of poplar tree,a single-factor experiment was conducted to study the biological characteristics of Alternaria alternata isolated from P.euramericana cv.‘N3016’and to screen indoor control fungicides.The comprehensive resistance evaluation of different poplar varieties’resistance to leaf blight was also carried out.The results showed that the suitable culture medium for the growth of A.alternata mycelium was potato sucrose agar medium,with corn flour as the suitable carbon source and yeast extract as the suitable nitrogen source.The optimal temperature range for cultivation was 25-30℃,with a pH of 8.Light conditions had little effect on mycelial growth,and the lethal temperature was 52℃.The indoor control fungicides screening using the growth rate method showed that 5 biocontrol fungicides were more effective than 2 chemical fungicides.The inhibitory effects of the agents ranked from highest to lowest were Trichoderma harzianum(3×10^(8) colony-forming units/g),Bacillus subtilis(1×10^(10) spores/g),10% mass fraction of polyoxins,3% mass fraction of Zhongshengmycin,2% mass fraction of Ningnanmycin,50% mass fraction of carbendazim,and 75% mass fraction of chlorothalonil.T.harzianum(3×10^(8) colony-forming units/g)and B.subtilis(1×10^(10) spores/g)were determined to be suitable control fungicides for A.alternata.Seven poplar varieties of section Aigeiroswere selected,and the fuzzy mathematics membership function method was used to evaluate the comprehensive resistance of populus to leaf blight.The results showed that P.euramericana cv.‘N3016’was highly susceptible variety,while P.canadensis‘Zhongliao 1’and P.euramericana‘177’were moderately susceptible.P.euramericana cl.‘Bofeng 1’,P.euramericana cl.‘Bofeng 3’,P.deltoides.‘Liaoyu 3’and P.euramericana‘111’were highly resistant varieties.

关 键 词：杨树 叶枯病 生物学特性 药剂筛选 抗病性评价 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学] S432.4[农业科学—植物保护]