低压舱迅速减压的计算与试验研究  

Calculation and Experimental Research on Rapid Decompression of Low Pressure Cabins

作　　者：周清 卢剑锋[1] 田紫锋 张富贵[1] ZHOU Qing;LU Jianfeng;TIAN Zifeng;ZHANG Fugui(College of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学机械工程学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《真空科学与技术学报》2023年第12期1012-1020,共9页Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology

基　　金：贵州省科技厅计划项目(黔科合中引地[2023]010)。

摘　　要：为探究低压舱迅速减压平衡时间和流体激振的影响因素。文章设计正交试验表,以可压缩气体一维定常等熵流动理论、基于Workbench的CFD仿真分析方法为研究方法,并搭建基于高精度传感器、PLC和LabView的试验平台进行迅速减压爆破试验。对比理论计算、CFD仿真与试验结果,理论计算与试验最高误差17.38%,最低误差0.4%;仿真结果与试验最高误差8.8%,最低误差2.04%。若忽略理论计算时气体摩擦等因素的影响,以及试验时迅速减压阀门开启时间约50 ms的误差,三者所得迅速减压平衡时间近似,且仿真与试验曲线波形吻合,验证了已有公式和仿真方法的准确性。并得到迅速减压过程振荡特性的影响因素依次是:喉道管径大小、两舱之间压力差和两舱初始压力。上述结果为低压迅速减压舱舱体与喉道设计提供指导意义,能预防流体激振对舱体损害,提高试验安全性。In order to explore the influencing factors of rapid decompression equilibrium time and fluid excitation in low-pressure chambers,an orthogonal test table is designed,the one-dimensional constant isentropic flow theory of compressible gases and the CFD simulation analysis method based on Workbench are used as research methods,and a test platform based on high-precision sensor,PLC and LabView is built to conduct rapid decompression burst test.Compared with the theoretical calculation,CFD simulation and test results,the highest error between theoretical calculation and test was 17.38%,and the lowest error was 0.4%.The highest error between the simulation results and the test is 8.8%,and the lowest error is 2.04%.If the influence of gas friction and other factors during theoretical calculation and the error of the opening time of the rapid pressure relief valve during the test are about 540 ms,the rapid pressure reduction equilibrium time obtained by the three is approximated,and the simulation is consistent with the waveform of the test curve,which verifies the accuracy of the existing formulas and simulation methods.The influencing factors of the oscillation characteristics of the rapid decompression process are the size of the pipe diameter of the throat,the pressure difference between the two compartments and the initial pressure of the two compartments.The above results provide guidance for the design of the cabin and throat channel of the low-pressure rapid decompression cabin,which can prevent the damage of fluid excitation to the cabin and improve the safety of the test.

关 键 词：低压舱迅速减压 减压平衡时间 流体激振 CFD仿真 试验 

分 类 号：V245.5[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]