处理密立根油滴实验数据的简易循证方法  

Concise and Evidence-based Method on Data Analysis in Millikan Oil-drop Experiments

作　　者：牛延强[1] NIU Yanqiang(College of Liren,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China)

机构地区：[1]燕山大学里仁学院,秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《实验科学与技术》2023年第6期33-35,66,共4页Experiment Science and Technology

摘　　要：针对密立根油滴实验现有的数据处理方法的种种弊病,该文通过分析作图法处理数据的原理,利用易上手的WPS表格应用,通过其内置的LINEST函数,实现了对基本电荷量的线性回归计算;进一步通过对计算流程的分析,引入迭代方法设计并优化算法,提高了计算精度和准确度;同时给出在LINEST函数返回的标准偏差结果基础上,计算斜率不确定度的公式。将对照文献筛选出的15组107个数据应用该方法,发现该方法结果更加准确,不确定度和相对误差更小。In view of the deficiencies of the existing data processing methods of the Milligan oil-drop experiment,this paper analyzes the principles of the mapping method of data processing and uses the easy-to-use WPS spreadsheet application to implement the linear regression calculation of the elementary charge through its built-in LINEST function.Through the analysis of the calculation process,the iterative method is introduced to design and optimize the algorithm to improve the accuracy and precision of the calculation.Furthermore,the formula for calculating the uncertainty of the slope based on the standard deviation results returned by the LINEST function is given.Applying the method of this paper to 15 sets of 107 data from reference literature,the results of this paper were found to be more accurate with less uncertainty and relative error.

关 键 词：作图法 WPS表格 线性回归 迭代 

分 类 号：O4-39[理学—物理]