西苕溪流域[土斗]-圩田传统人居体系成因及特征  

Origin and Characteristics of the Traditional Dike−Polder Human Settlement System of Xitiaoxi Watershed

作　　者：孙瑾璐 王晴 郭巍[1] SUN Jinlu;WANG Qing;GUO Wei(the School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University;the Department of Environmental Design,Institute of Art Engineering,Kyushu University)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院 [2]九州大学艺术工学府环境设计学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第1期64-70,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金艺术学重大项目“新发展理念下乡村振兴艺术设计战略研究”(编号22ZD16);国家自然科学基金面上项目“长三角圩田景观的传统水文干预、空间营建和管控模式研究”(编号52078041)。

摘　　要：【目的】湖州西苕溪流域[土斗]-圩田是本土先民在与自然灾害的抗争中创造的一种地域性景观。在全球气候变化、极端天气频发的背景下,对[土斗]-圩田传统人居智慧的探讨不仅有利于人们更好地运用生态思想应对灾害,还可以为该地区文化景观的更新设计提供指引。【方法】以西苕溪流域平原地区[土斗]田、圩田为研究对象,采用ArcGIS分析法和实地调研法,从形态学角度探讨[土斗]-圩田景观水利、农业以及聚落系统的特征。【结果】西苕溪流域[土斗]-圩田人居体系存在整体性与差异性特征。从上游至下游,水网越来越稠密,农地越来越破碎,聚落密度先升高后降低,聚落规模则先减小后增大,聚落选址与形态和水系的耦合关系越来越明显。【结论】[土斗]-圩田传统人居体系的形成是适应并改造自然的结果。结合场地特征,提出优化水网格局、促进产业升级和保护传统村落等策略,可指导场地未来的更新设计,并为其他地区文化景观的保护与更新提供参考。[Objective]In the Xitiaoxi Watershed,floods and droughts have been common since ancient times,and a distinctive cultural landscape known as dike−polder has been progressively created.Studying the traditional human settlement system that integrates the production,living,and disaster prevention functions of the paddy field landscape can help us better apply ecological thinking to cope with water and drought disasters,and can provide guidance for the protection and renewal of local cultural landscape,which is especially important given the backdrop of global climate change and frequent extreme weather events.Nevertheless,a thorough analysis of the Xitiaoxi Watershed’s historic human settlement system and an interpretation of its distinct regional features are absent from the current research.[Methods]With a research area of around 840 km2,this research focuses on the dike−polder areas in the plain area of the Xitiaoxi Watershed.Field investigation and ArcGIS analysis are the primary techniques employed.To better comprehend the distinctive environment and customary way of life of the local area,the research draws on historical satellite pictures,contemporary Google satellite imagery,local chronicles,and a variety of literary materials in addition to field investigation,and creates a geographic information database for polder and dike fields using the ArcGIS platform.To guarantee fundamental error-free results,the research coordinates the calibration and positioning of historical satellite pictures and compares them with the size of the polder−dike areas indicated in the planning documents.Moreover,the research determines the locations of polder villages and dike settlements through ArcGIS’s place name catalog,imports such information as elevation,and water system data from the national open-source data website,and adopts spatial analysis methods such as fishing net and kernel density analysis in quantitative statistics.The research also examines from a morphological point of view the features of agriculture

关 键 词：人居体系 文化景观 [土斗]-圩田景观 西苕溪流域 形态学研究 ArcGIS分析法 

分 类 号：TU981[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]