哈尔滨城市工业废弃地自生植物多样性与分布特征  

Diversity and Distribution Characteristics of Spontaneous Plants in Urban Industrial Wasteland in Harbin

作　　者：李东咛 李文[2] 董荣荣 胡远东[2,3,4] LI Dongning;LI Wen;DONG Rongrong;HU Yuandong(Northeast Forestry University;School of Landscape Architecture,Northeast Forestry University;the Key Lab for Garden Plant Germplasm Development&Landscape Eco-Restoration in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province;Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学 [2]东北林业大学园林学院 [3]东北林业大学黑龙江寒地园林植物种质资源开发与景观生态修复重点实验室 [4]西安建筑科技大学交叉创新研究院

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第1期112-120,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“哈尔滨城市废弃地植物多样性研究”(编号2572020BK04);黑龙江省自然科学基金“黑龙江省城市植被分布格局及成因论研究”(编号LH2023E007)。

摘　　要：【目的】当今城市化进程伴随大量废弃地的出现和消失,这些废弃地由于缺少管理和使用,为自生植物提供了重要生存空间。探索工业废弃地自生植物保护和创造可持续、低维护景观的潜力,具有理论和实践意义。【方法】2020年9—10月和2021年5—6月,对哈尔滨主城区7处工业废弃地进行调研,记录875个样方中自生植物物种名称、高度、盖度、生境类型、演替阶段、干扰强度、地表类型等信息。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验比较不同生境类型、演替阶段、干扰强度和地表类型的自生植物多样性差异,采用典型相关分析法(canonical correlation analysis,CCA)研究4类环境条件因素与自生植物物种分布的关系。【结果】结果表明:1)哈尔滨工业废弃地自生植物物种丰富,共记录43科、120属、168种;2)路缘和林缘自生植物多样性高于其他类型生境,演替中间阶段自生植物多样性高于其他阶段,中等强度干扰对自生植物多样性有积极影响,不同地表类型的3个多样性指数没有显著差异;3)4类环境条件因素对自生植物分布变化的解释量为1.79%,演替阶段和生境类型对物种分布起主要作用。【结论】工业废弃地保护和更新实践中应注重保护林缘和墙缘生境,保护和提升具有丰富生境和不同演替阶段的废弃地。[Objective]In the context of urban densification and continuous expansion,the creation of new green spaces faces enormous financial and spatial challenges,placing considerable strain on urban biodiversity conservation efforts.The ongoing process of urbanization brings forth a multitude of wastelands,characterized by the exuberance of spontaneous plants due to poor management and utilization.These plants offer a range of ecosystem services such as regulation,aesthetics,and recreation for the city.Taking Harbin,a representative old industrial city,as an example,this research investigates the species diversity of spontaneous plants in urban industrial wastelands,with a focus on the influence of habitat type,succession stage,disturbance intensity,and surface type on diversity distribution of spontaneous plants.Additionally,the research explores the potential of utilizing spontaneous plants in industrial wastelands as a strategy for creating sustainable and low-maintenance landscape while safeguarding biodiversity.[Methods]Utilizing historical maps from Google Earth 7.3.0,along with urban and rural planning data,the research selects seven industrial wasteland sites within Harbin City’s Third Ring Road for investigation.The research,spanning from September 2020 to June 2021,involves a combination of desk analysis and fieldwork.Employing both the grid system sampling method and the typical sample plot method,the research records a total of 875 quadrats,and meticulously documents.information on the species name,height,cover,habitat type,succession stage,disturbance intensity,and surface type of spontaneous plants.Specifically,habitat types are classified as grassland,woodland,building periphery,wall edge,road edge,and forest edge habits.Succession stages are classified as pioneer,intermediate,mature,and spontaneous woodland stages.Surface types are classified as soil,gravel,cinder,railroad track,and waterlogging surfaces.Disturbance intensity,based on human trampling and occupancy,is categorized as low,medium,and high

关 键 词：工业废弃地 自生植物 物种多样性 分布特征 城市更新 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU985.12