贵州民间可食用性野生植物资源调查研究  

Investigation of Edible Wild Plant Resources in Guizhou

作　　者：罗萍 钱海兵 刘晓龙 丁宁 李姝臻 Luo Ping;Qian Haibing;Liu Xiaolong;Ding Ning;Li Shuzhen(Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学,贵州贵阳550000

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2023年第12期109-114,共6页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

摘　　要：目的:通过实地调查与查阅文献对贵州民间可食用野生药用植物科属组成、药食功能及利用等进行调查分析,为其开发利用提供参考。方法:采用民族植物学的研究方法和手段,对贵州省民间可食用野生药用植物及其利用进行调查研究。结果:贵州省民间可食用野生植物有348种,隶属于113科274属。其中,双子叶植物65科246种,单子叶植物14科46种,蕨类植物16科23种,裸子植物1科1种,藻类植物1科1种,菌类有16科31种。生活型以草本植物为主,有150种,占比43.10%。优势科主要集中在蔷薇科26种、菊科24种和蝶形花科18种;单种属优势明显,有235属,占总种数的67.53%。根据食用价值,该地区可食用植物可以分为茶饮类(代茶类34种和药酒、果酒类56种)、野菜类(194种)、野果类(水果类50种和坚果类13种)、调味品类(24种)和淀粉类(23种)、食用菌类(31种)。其药用部位以根和根茎类最多有141种;药效以清火解毒种类最多,有124种植物具有该功效。结论:对贵州民间可食用野生植物资源、传统食用方法及研究现状进行了调查研究,可为贵州民间可食用野生植物资源的进一步开发利用提供科学依据。Objective:This study aimed to investigate and analyze the composition of family and genus,as well as the medicinal and edible functions and utilization of folk edible wild medicinal plants in Guizhou.The research was conducted through field investigation and literature review,with the goal of providing reference for their development and utilization.Methods:Ethnobotanical research methods were employed to investigate and study the folk edible wild medicinal plants and their utilization in Guizhou Province.Results:The study identified 348 species of edible wild plants in Guizhou Province,belonging to 113 families and 274 genera.Among these,there were 246 species of dicots in 65 families,46 species of monocots in 14 families,23 species of ferns in 16 families,1 species of gymnosperms in 1 family,1 species of algae in 1 family,and 31 species of fungi in 16 families.The dominant life form was herbal plants,accounting for 43.10%with a total of 150 species.The main families found were Rosaceae(26 species),Asteraceae(24 species),and Papilionaceae(18 species).Single-species genus had a significant presence,with 235 genera accounting for 67.53%of the total number of species.Based on their edible value,the plants in this area were categorized as tea substitutes(34 species),medicinal wines and fruit wines(56 species),wild vegetables(194 species),wild fruits(50 species of fruits and 13 species of nuts),condiments(24 species),starches(23 species),and edible fungi(31 species).The medicinal parts of these plants were primarily roots and rhizomes,with a total of 141 species.Additionally,124 species were found to have medicinal effects such as clearing fire and detoxifying.Conclusion:The folk edible wild plant resources,traditional edible methods and research status in Guizhou were investigated and studied,which could provide a scientific basis for the further development and utilization of the folk edible wild plant resources in Guizhou.

关 键 词：贵州省 可食用野生植物 资源调查 

分 类 号：R932[医药卫生—生药学]