社会科学研究中的政策文本分析:方法论与方法  

Policy Text Analysis in Social Science Research:Methodology and Methods

作　　者：杨慧[1] YANG Hui

机构地区：[1]南开大学社会学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2023年第12期5-15,共11页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当前我国普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设研究”(项目编号:20ZDA068)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国社会的现代化转型对政策科学如何在巨大且复杂的社会系统内展开研究提出了挑战。对政策文本分析方法及其方法论的阐释可以为全面理解和深入剖析各类政策的制定与发展过程提供科学思路。以政策文本释义性分析、话语分析和比较分析为代表的定性分析通过文本阐释、语言分析走进政策实施的具体过程,分析政策环境,深入解读政策制定者的意图,获取对当前政策的启示,是解释主义范式下方法论的具体化。以政策文本内容分析、计量分析以及内容挖掘为代表的定量分析以量化手段来视图化呈现政策文本的内容,更高效地识别政策研究热点主题,梳理政策变迁及发展规律,检验政策执行效果,发现政策文本存在的问题并做出预测,是实证主义范式下方法论的精确化。政策文本混合分析方法属于定量研究与定性研究的优势整合,受到多种范式的影响。研究者要根据文本类型、研究问题、研究目标等选择相应的方法,以得出有效的结论。The modernization transformation of Chinese society poses the policy scientists the challenge of conducting research within a large and complex social system.The explanation of the methods and methodology of policy text analysis can provide scientific insights into comprehensive understanding and in-depth analysis of the formulation and development process of various policies.Represented by interpretive analysis,discourse analysis and comparative analysis of policy texts,the qualitative analysis adopts text interpretation and language analysis to delve into the specific process of policy implementation,analyze the policy environment,interpret the intention of policy makers,and draw inspiration for current policies.This is the concretization of methodology within the paradigm of interpretationism.Represented by content analysis,quantitative analysis and content mining of policy texts,the quantitative analysis visualizes the contents of policy texts,identifies hot topics in policy research more efficiently,sorts out the patterns of policy changes and development,evaluates the effects of policy implementation,identifies the problems existing in policy texts,and makes predictions.This is the precision of methodology within the paradigm of positivism.Influenced by multipe paradigms,the mixed method of policy text analysis combines the advantages of the quantitative and qualitative research.Researchers should choose appropriate methods according to text types,research questions,research objectives,etc.,in order to draw valid conclusions.

关 键 词：政策文本分析 解释主义 实证主义 

分 类 号：C0[社会学]