从“联美制苏”到独立自主的地区和平政策:中国与中东和平进程(1977-1982)  

From"Aligning with the US to Contain the USSR"to an Independent Regional Peace Policy:China and the Middle East Peace Process(1977-1982)

作　　者：佘纲正 SHE Gangzheng

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院国际关系学系

出　　处：《社会科学》2023年第12期51-65,共15页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“冷战时期的中国与阿以冲突研究”(项目编号:19CSS037)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪70年代中后期,面对苏联的全球战略扩张态势,中国基于“联美制苏”的总体方针在中东问题上提出了一系列政策主张。中国积极支援地区国家摆脱苏联控制的努力,质疑和抵制美苏作为联席主席的日内瓦会议机制,同时反复告诫美国在推进阿以和平时必须平衡双方诉求。中国的这一系列立场与活动成为美国主导下的中东和平进程得以启动的关键因素之一。在这一过程中,中国与埃及、以色列和沙特阿拉伯等地区重点国家的关系也得到了不同程度的提升。进入80年代,在中国重新思考自身与超级大国和第三世界之间关系的同时,美国政府也暴露出难以客观公允地持续推动中东和平的严重局限。作为主动“告别冷战”的历史进程中的重要一环,中国转而坚定地走上了独立自主的和平外交政策之路,通过加强自身与中东各方的政治、经济和文化联系,支持中东地区真正实现持久和平、普遍安全与共同繁荣。Faced with the Soviet Union's global strategic expansion in the mid-to-late 1970s,China put forward a series of policy propositions on the Middle Eastern issue based on the overall strategy of"aligning with the US to contain the USSR."China proactively supported the efforts of regional countries to break away from Soviet control,questioned and boycotted the Geneva Conference mechanism in which the United States and the Soviet Union served as co-chairmen,and repeatedly warned the United States that it must balance the demands of both parties when promoting peace among the Arabs and the Israelis.Such a series of positions and activities by China became one of the key factors for the launch of Middle East peace process promoted by the United States.In this process,China's relations with key regional countries such as Egypt,Israel,and Saudi Arabia have also been improved to varying degrees.In the 1980s,while China was reconsidering its relationship with both superpowers and the Third World,the US government continued to expose its limitations in continuing to promote peace in the Middle East in an objective and fair way.As an important step in the historical process of taking the initiative to bid"a farewell to the Cold War",China firmly embarked on the path of an independent foreign policy for the regional peace.By strengthening political,economic,and cultural ties with all parties in the Middle East,China started looking for its own role in supporting this region to achieve lasting peace,universal security,and common prosperity.

关 键 词：全球冷战 阿以冲突 中东和平进程 “联美制苏” 独立自主 

分 类 号：D8[政治法律—政治学]