数据安全案件中行刑双向衔接的理性思辨与程序构建  

Rational speculation and procedure construction of execution two-way connection in data security cases

作　　者：王逍静 代光胜 WANG Xiaojing;DAI Guangsheng(Department of Political and Legal Education,Party School of the Central Committee of CPC(National Academy of Governance),Beijing 100091,China;Niulanshan People’s Court,Shunyi District People’s Court,Beijing 101300,China)

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)政治和法律教研部,北京100091 [2]北京市顺义区人民法院牛栏山人民法庭,北京101300

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2023年第12期104-117,共14页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：中央党校创新工程项目“我国宪法变迁与党内法规的发展研究”(01222050013083)。

摘　　要：数据作为数字经济高质量发展中的重要载体,在创造价值的同时也面临着被泄露、篡改等风险,数据安全问题随之涌现。在行刑衔接语境下,“以罚代刑”会危及数据安全,“以刑代罚”则会限制数据发展,这就对构建数据安全领域的行刑衔接制度提出了现实需求。当前,数据安全案件在正向移送环节还存在标准不明、证据转化受阻等问题,需要构建以构成要件为核心的正向移送标准,并通过确立电子数据移送范围及提取、存储规则等方式优化证据移送的转化路径。在反向移送环节,存在移送标准不明、移送动力不足、缺乏全程监管等问题,需要统一数据安全犯罪适用罪名、构建移送激励制度、健全行刑衔接全链条监督机制。Summary:In the context of the overall national security perspective,in June 2021,the Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China came out,in which Article 7 clarifies the basic position of the state on data security and the development of the digital economy,laying a solid legal foundation for data security.However,with the rapid development of the digital economy,data security issues have gradually emerged.As a new form of business,the novelty and professionalism of digital economy have brought great challenges to the existing judicial mechanism and law enforcement personnel in judicial practice.In September 2021,the Supreme People’s Procuratorate issued the Provisions on Promoting the Linkage Work between Administrative Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice,further making overall arrangements for the two-way linkage mechanism for execution cases in terms of policies.At the same time,data security cases are also frequently revealed in judicial practice.In July 2022,a document from the State Internet Information Office stated that Didi faced an administrative penalty of 8.026 billion yuan,and the company’s chairman and president also faced a huge fine of 1 million yuan respectively.Didi was punished as a landmark event in the field of data information security,representing the end of the era of brutal growth of data,and triggered people’s discussion on the system of connecting the execution of data security cases.In the context of execution convergence,“substituting punishment for punishment”will endanger data security.“Punishment instead of punishment”refers to the situation when a certain administrative violation has violated the criminal law and should be transferred to the criminal judicial organ for criminal procedure,but the administrative law enforcement organ imposes administrative punishment instead of investigating the criminal legal responsibility.In a word,“punishment instead of punishment”is the phenomenon that administrative organs do not transfer cases according to regula

关 键 词：行刑衔接 数据安全 数据发展 移动机制 正向移送 反向移达 数字经济 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]