业余游泳训练对儿童肩颈姿态的影响研究  

Study on the Influence of Amateur Swimming Training on Shoulder and Neck Posture of Children

作　　者：周丽云 陈洁星[2] ZHOU Li-yun;CHEN Jie-xing(Fujian Institute of Physical Education,Fuzhou 350003,China;Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省体育科学研究所,福建福州350003 [2]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《福建体育科技》2023年第6期59-64,共6页Fujian Sports Science and Technology

基　　金：福建省科技厅公益类科研院所专项“少儿游泳运动员身体姿态异常及影响因素研究”(2020R1019002)。

摘　　要：目的:了解12周的业余游泳训练对儿童肩颈姿态的影响,为儿童更好地参与业余游泳训练与学习提供实证依据。方法:以方便抽样的方式在福州市体校分别招募游泳组和对照组受试者。游泳组为游泳队运动员,进行为期12周的游泳训练;对照组进行为期12周各自所属项目的业余训练。采用2×3的游泳组、对照组的前测、中测和后测的准实验研究设计,观察两组受试者在第1周(前测)、第6周(中测)和第12周(后测)头前伸(CVA)、肩前伸(RSP)和胸小肌长度指数(PMI)指标的变化,并计算主效应和组间效应。结果:在21周的停训后,两组受试者前测数据的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察期内CVA的时间×组别交互作用显著,F(2,124)=4.445,P=0.014,η2 p=0.067,但两组在3个时间点的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察期内RSP、PMI的时间×组别的交互作用、组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明12周的游泳训练不会对儿童游泳运动员的CVA、RSP、PMI产生影响。结论:业余游泳训练不会对儿童的肩颈姿态产生负面影响。不良的肩颈姿态受学习、生活习惯和其它客观环境等综合因素的影响。Purpose:This study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of recreational swimming training on the shoulder and neck posture of children,providing empirical evidence for children's participation in recreational swimming training and learning.Methods:Participants were recruited through convenient sampling from Fuzhou Sports School,and divided into a swimming group and a control group.The swimming group consisted of competitive swimmers who underwent 12 weeks of swimming training,while the control group engaged in 12 weeks of recreational training in their respective sports.A 2×3 quasi-experimental research design with pre-test,mid-test,and post-test measurements was employed to observe changes in the Craniovertebral Angle(CVA),Rhomboid Stretch Position(RSP),and Pectoralis Minor Length Index(PMI)in both groups at the 1st week(pre-test),6th week(mid-test),and 12th week(post-test).Main effects and group differences were calculated.Results:After 21 weeks of training cessation,there were no statistically significant differences in pre-test data between the two groups(P>0.05).During the observation period,a significant time×group interaction effect was observed for CVA,F(2,124)=4.445,P=0.014,η2 p=0.067,but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at the three time points(P>0.05).There were no statistically significant time×group interaction effects or group differences for RSP and PMI during the observation period(P>0.05),indicating that 12 weeks of swimming training did not affect the CVA,RSP,and PMI of child swimmers.Conclusion:Recreational swimming training does not have a negative impact on the shoulder and neck posture of children.Poor shoulder and neck posture is influenced by a combination of factors including learning,lifestyle habits,and other objective environmental factors.

关 键 词：业余游泳训练 儿童 肩颈姿态 

分 类 号：G861.1[文化科学—体育训练]