天文光学相机性能检测技术研究  

Study on performance testing techniques for astronomical optical cameras

作　　者：邱鹏[1,2] 邹思成 张晓明 王建峰[1] 林亲[3] 姜晓军[1,4] Qiu Peng;Zou Sicheng;Zhang Xiaoming;Wang Jianfeng;Lin Qin;Jiang Xiaojun(Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;State Key Laboratory of Space Weather,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology,China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院光学天文重点实验室(国家天文台),北京100101 [2]中国科学院空间天气学国家重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国空间技术研究院钱学森空间技术实验室,北京100094 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2023年第12期189-201,共13页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12003077);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0406501);国家重点实验室专项基金项目。

摘　　要：相机是光学望远镜观测系统的重要组成部分,为了提高天文光学观测的精度和效能,开展了天文光学相机性能的检测技术研究。根据天文观测对光学相机的性能需求,给出了相机性能检测项目、检测方法、检测实验和数据处理方法,检测项目包括增益、读出噪声、满阱电荷、线性度、本底稳定性、像元响应不均匀性、暗电流等。基于这套方法,在实验室对sCMOS和CCD两款相机进行了实测,获得了相机的性能参数,结果显示,sCMOS 12-bit档位较CCD 1 MHz 4×档位,读出噪声低约1倍,暗电流高约17倍,动态范围低约3星等,像元响应不均匀性高约1倍,两款相机都具有较高的线性度和本底稳定性,该sCMOS具有辉光,不适合长时间曝光观测。该方法可以检测获得适用于天文光学观测的相机性能参数,便于开展天文实测工作,实现相同相机不同档位或不同相机之间的性能对比,定期对相机进行检测可以建立其全生命周期性能参数数据库,对相机的健康状态管理及观测系统故障诊断具有现实意义。Objective Cameras is a critical component of an optical telescope observation system,and their performance significantly affects the quality and efficiency of astronomical observations.Acquiring camera performance parameters is beneficial in enhancing precision and efficacy of astronomical observations.Numerous worldwide photosensitive chips and camera manufacturers have devised their own performance to test standards based on their experience,to make it difficult to compare products from different manufacturers based on their performance parameters.Although camera performance test can be conducted according to the EMVA1288 standard,and data sheets conforming to EMVA1288 standard can be provided,the standard primarily caters to the machine vision industry cameras,and some of the performance test settings are incompatible with the needs of astronomical optical cameras.Consequently,research on testing technology for astronomical optical cameras is imperative.Methods In astronomical optical observations,the common used cameras are CCD(Fig.1)and CMOS(Fig.2).After analyzing the requirements of astronomical optical observations,the performance test items for astronomical optical cameras are determined to be gain,readout noise,full well capacity,dynamic range,linearity,bias stability,pixel readout noise statistics,photo response non-uniformity(PRNU),and dark current.The photon transfer curve(PTC)method and so on are selected for testing performance items,and definitions and testing methods for each item are explained.In order to verify the feasibility of this set of test items,test methods,test experiments,and data processing methods,the Andor Marana sCMOS and Andor iKon-L 936 CCD cameras(Fig.4)are tested in the laboratory using a testing system set up on a dark optical platform(Fig.5).The gain,readout noise,full well capacity,linearity,bias stability,pixel readout noise statistics,dynamic range,PRNU,and dark current of the sCMOS camera's 12-bit setting and CCD camera's 1 MHz 4×setting are tested,respectively.Results a

关 键 词：CCD CMOS 性能检测 天文观测 

分 类 号：P111.32[天文地球—天文学]