垃圾分类的普及与物资再生行业的新方向——城市固废分选及资源化  

Popularization of Garbage Classification and New Direction of Material Regeneration Industry——Urban Solid Waste Sorting and Resource Utilization

作　　者：常新杰 魏思凯 李金诚 CHANG Xinjie;WEI Sikai;LI Jincheng(Tomra Circular Economy Institute,Beijing 100013,China;COMY Chemical Recycling Institute,Hefei 230011,China)

机构地区：[1]陶朗循环经济研究院,北京100013 [2]科茂化学回收研究院,合肥230011

出　　处：《中国资源综合利用》2023年第12期128-131,共4页China Resources Comprehensive Utilization

摘　　要：日本及欧洲部分地区的垃圾管理模式历经数十年已发展成熟,对中国该领域发展具有重大参考价值。日本模式以精细化前端分类投放及分类收运为表现形式,需要长期公众教育且系统总成本巨大,不适宜在中国推广;挪威模式以相对简化前端分类+集中分选+资源化为表现形式,更适合中国国情,拥有在中国蓬勃发展的土壤和机会。在国家相关政策推行下,生活垃圾四分类日渐普及,为行业发展建立良好的基础;在市场供需因素加持下,分选及资源化的经济性逐渐凸显,尤其是以废塑料化学回收为代表的高价值资源化技术兴起,为行业发展提供强大的经济动力。分选及资源化在上游固废减量化和下游资源化再利用过程中会起核心枢纽作用,凭借卓越的经济效益、减碳效益、资源替代能力,将成为碳中和时代环卫固废行业的第二增长曲线。The waste management model in Japan and some parts of Europe has matured over decades,which has significant reference value for the development of this field in China.The Japanese model takes the form of refined front-end classified delivery and classified collection,which requires long-term public education and has a huge total system cost,making it unsuitable for promotion in China;the Norwegian model takes the form of relatively simplified front-end classification+centralized sorting+resource utilization,which is more suitable for China's national conditions and has the soil and opportunities for vigorous development in China.Under the implementation of relevant national policies,the four categories of household waste are becoming increasingly popular,laying a solid foundation for the development of the industry;under the support of market supply and demand factors,the economy of sorting and resource utilization is gradually becoming prominent,especially with the rise of high-value resource utilization technologies represented by chemical recycling of waste plastics,providing strong economic impetus for the development of the industry.Sorting and resource utilization will play a core hub role in the process of upstream solid waste reduction and downstream resource reuse,with excellent economic benefits,carbon reduction benefits,and resource substitution capabilities,it will become the second growth curve of the environmental sanitation solid waste industry in the era of carbon neutrality.

关 键 词：垃圾分类 物资再生 自动化分选 资源化 循环经济 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F713.2[经济管理—产业经济]